Rare Earth Ions Doped Lithium Lutetium Fluoride (RE: LLF) Laser Crystals
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Lithium Lutetium Fluoride (LLF) Laser Crystal has several superior properties than Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG), including low phonon energies, low optical nonlinearities, low laser threshold, longer fluorescence lifetime, etc. It also possess good transparency from the ultraviolet to the infrared region of the spectrum. By doping with different materials, the LLF laser crystal are widely used for various laser and optical applications.
Technical Data
| Crystal Structure | Tetragonal, a= 5.15 Å, c= 10.47 Å |
| Density | 6.19 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 850 ℃ |
| Thermal Conductivity |
5.0 W/(mK) (a) 6.3 W/(mK) (c) |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient |
13.6 × 10-6 /ºC (a) 10.8 × 10-6 /ºC (c) |
| Refractive Index @ 1064 nm | 1.47 |
| Size | up to 30 mm |
| Thickness | up to 50 mm |
| Orientation | a-cut, c-cut |
| Doping Ion | Tm | Ho | Tm, Ho | Yb | Pr |
| Absorption Peak Wavelength | 780 nm | 1940 nm | 780 nm | 956 nm | 444 nm |
| Absorption Cross Section | 0.7 × 10-20 cm2 | 0.64 × 10-20 cm2 | 0.56 × 10-20 cm2 | 0.544 × 10-21 cm2 | N/A |
| Fluorescence Lifetime | 13.6 ms | 16 ms | 6.9 ms | 2.64 ms | 42 µs |
| Laser Wavelength | 1911 nm | 2060 nm | 2053 nm | 1019 nm | 640 nm |
| Emission Cross Section | 4.0 × 10-21 cm2 | 1.3 × 10-20 cm2 | 4.0 × 10-21 cm2 | 6.74 × 10-21 cm2 | 2.2 × 10-19 cm2 |
Reference
1. Xiong, J., H. Y. Peng, C. C. Zhao, Y. Hang, L. H. Zhang, M. Z. He, X. M. He, and G. Z. Chen. Crystal growth, spectroscopic characterization, and laser performance of Tm: LiLuF4 crystal. Laser Physics Letters 6, no. 12 (2009): 868-871.
2. Bensalah, A., Y. Guyot, A. Brenier, H. Sato, T. Fukuda, and G. Boulon. Spectroscopic properties of Yb3+: LuLiF4 crystal grown by the Czochralski method for laser applications and evaluation of quenching processes: a comparison with Yb3+: YLiF4. Journal of alloys and compounds 380, no. 1-2 (2004): 15-26.
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