{"title":"Nickel Foil","description":"\u003cp\u003eMSE Supplies is your premium source for high-purity nickel foil. We offer 99.9% pure nickel metal foil for heating elements, battery mesh and a host of other applications. We offer nickel foil in thicknesses of .008 mm, .01 mm, .05 mm and .1 mm, plus custom options to meet your project needs. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/get-a-quote-how-to\"\u003eRequest a quote today\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"mse-pro-barium-fluoride-baf-sub-2-sub-crystal-and-substrates","title":"MSE PRO Barium Fluoride BaF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Crystal and Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eBarium fluoride, BaF2, crystal has good transmittance over a wide spectrum range, from 150 nm to 12.5 um. It has been widely used as windows, lenses, and prisms, particularly for ultaviolet transmittance. The highest quality BaF2 has been used for scintillation crystals. BaF2 can also be used a crystal substrates for the epitaxial growth of thin films. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMSE Supplies offers the following choices: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCustomized crystal growth and machining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality blank BaF2 crystal materials in discs, plates, rods, customized for customers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrystal orientations: (100), (111) or other custom-made orientations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard BaF2 substrate sizes: 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm, 1 inch diameter x 1.0 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface polishing: Single Side Polished (SSP) or Double Side Polished (DSP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality BaF2 scintillation crystal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCustomized BaF2 optics for IR and VUV applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaF2 viewport windows for Infrared thermography from 8 um to 14 um.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapability: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum diameter: 7 inches (180 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface quality: S\/D 60\/40 for optical windows or other optical components, Ra \u0026lt; 20 A for epi-ready crystal substrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"85%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptical Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransmission Range\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e150 nm to 14 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransmittance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;94% at 350 nm to 10.8 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.4624 at 2.58 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3936 at 10.35 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReflection Loss\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.8% at 2.58 um (both surfaces)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.3% at 10.35 um (both surfaces)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRadiation Length\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.6 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResidual Radiation Peak\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e47 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmission Peak\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e310 nm slow; 220 nm fast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecay Constant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e620 ns slow; 0.6 ns fast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLight Output\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20% slow; 4% fast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbsorption Coefficient\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2 x 10^-4 cm-1 at 6 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDensity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89 g\/cm3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1280 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.72 W.m-1K-1 at 286K\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient (CTE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.1 x 10-6 \/C at 273K\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnoop Hardness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e82 with 500g indenter (kg\/mm2)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecific Heat Capacity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e410 J\/(kg.K)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDielectric Constant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.33 at 1 MHz\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYoung's Modulus (E)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.07 GPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShear Modulus (G)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.4 GPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBulk Modulus (K)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.4 GPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApparent Elastic Limit\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.9 MPa (3900 psi)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoisson Ratio\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolubility\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0017 g in 100g water at 23°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e175.36 g\/mole\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCubic Crystal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCleavage Plane\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(111)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies","offers":[{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171575354,"sku":"SU0515","price":92.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171608122,"sku":"SU0508","price":109.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171640890,"sku":"SU0516","price":92.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171673658,"sku":"SU0507","price":108.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch diameter x 1.0 mm thick \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171706426,"sku":"SU0517","price":208.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch diameter x 1.0 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171739194,"sku":"SU0518","price":230.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40784646832186,"sku":"SU0540","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/077_MSE_PRO_Barium_Fluoride_BaF_sub_2_sub_Crystal_and_Substrates_84e8ac017c.jpg?v=1777608345"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-erbium-iii-oxide-er-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub-99-99-4n-powder","title":"MSE PRO Erbium (III) Oxide (Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) 99.99% 4N Powder","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eErbium (III) \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOxide\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e, Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, 99.99% 4N High Purity Powder\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct Number: \u003cstrong\u003ePO2701\u003c\/strong\u003e (50 g), \u003cstrong\u003ePO2702\u003c\/strong\u003e (100 g), \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ePO2704\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e (500 g),\u003c\/span\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePO2703\u003c\/strong\u003e (1 kg)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormula: Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS Number: 12061-16-4\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMolecular Weight: 382.56  g\/mol\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 8.64 g\/cm³ at 25°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMelting Point: 2344°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColor: pink powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolubility: Insoluble in water.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePurity: 99.99% 4N (\u003cspan\u003eTREO*\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e* TREO - Total Rare Earth Oxides\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications  \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEr\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (Erbium (III) Oxide or Erbium Sesquioxide) is used in ceramics, glass, and solid stated lasers.  Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e is commonly used as an activator ion in making laser materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: More detailed product information including SDS, certificate of analysis (COA), lead time and volume pricing are available upon request.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"574\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"268\"\u003eRare Earth Impurities Content (ppm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"306\"\u003eNon- Rare Earth Impurities Content (ppm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLa\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003e    4.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCeO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e      1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCaO       15.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePr\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e       12.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNd\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCl\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e          40.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSm\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGd\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e   1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLoss on Ignition (L.O.I.)     \u0026lt;1 %\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTb\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDy\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHo\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTm\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    17.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e     3.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e     7.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eY\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e     25.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/espace.library.uq.edu.au\/data\/UQ_119118\/UQ119118_OA.pdf?Expires=1586270540\u0026amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ\u0026amp;Signature=YFr73o-y3TnuB-MJj3FbuHSDHMVXPgTv2ErBv87i2Ulinq29I0F6gt8gw-rXADgRwxANEBbXZlf2e20Zbvpl5lRhdACdTem-zBAyR2-piWnDmKx6E6HRj10HBl5bZjkS-nrxacCkANJKmNRq1sO49hKBlBb9emAacxeTVKyk3w7-eWeuCDgC6Rs0XzO8lukanGvC-rq9qyfLsGoZJl40smfxFVnvK8g62jxTVTdPwzPNSWPqaiVuuANxYbXADFrF-oaskr5duFOPjdx2jyQb23pTBi3XUZtHxYPFIhuXWCKKcI4wGdm4NtXLvlNHu75gSPU5IrW3Ey5Sh-bE0FH1TQ__\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSuperior electrical properties of crystalline Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e films epitaxially grown on Si substrates.\u003c\/a\u003e S. Chen, Y. Y. Zhu, R. Xu, Y. Q. Wu, X. J. Yang, Y. L. Fan, F. Lu, and Z. M. Jianga, Applied Physics Lett. Vol. 88, 2006.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3584805\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eStructural and electrical characteristics of high-\u003cem\u003eκ\u003c\/em\u003e Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e and Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eTiO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e gate dielectrics for a-IGZO thin-film transistors.\u003c\/a\u003e F.H. Chen, J.L. Her, Y.H. Shao, and T.M. Pan. Nanoscale Res. Lett. Vol. 8(1) Pg 18, 2013.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jspec\/2015\/940172\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRaman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of CeO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e, Er\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, Nd\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, Tm\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, Yb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, La\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, and Tb\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e, \u003c\/a\u003eJ. Cui, and G. Hope. Journal of Spectroscopy. Vol. 2015, Article ID 940172, 2015.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies","offers":[{"title":"50g","offer_id":31401261563962,"sku":"PO2701","price":303.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100g","offer_id":31401261596730,"sku":"PO2702","price":468.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500g","offer_id":39364073979962,"sku":"PO2704","price":1205.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":31401261629498,"sku":"PO2703","price":1953.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/790_MSE_PRO_Erbium_III_Oxide_Er_sub_2_sub_O_sub_3_sub_99_99_4N_Powder_4811d4bdb9.jpg?v=1777648358"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-99-9-nickel-metal-foil-100-x-100-x-0-1-mm-pack-of-2-as-substrate-for-battery-research-film-deposition-and-catalysis","title":"MSE PRO 99.9% Nickel Metal Foil (100 x 100 x 0.1 mm, pack of 2) as Substrate for Battery Research, Film Deposition and Catalysis","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct details:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNickel (Ni) metal foil has good corrosion resistance, thermal and electronic conductivity. Nickel metal foil is widely used as a substrate for \u003cem\u003ein-situ\u003c\/em\u003e growth of other nickel based electrode materials for battery and supercapacitor applications. Nickel foil is a commonly used substrate for graphene fabrication by CVD.  Other popular applications can be found in sensors, solar cells and catalysis. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"290\" style=\"width: 534px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 518px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eProduct SKU#\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003eBR0149\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003ePack Size\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003epack of 2 pieces\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eNickel ≥ \u003c\/span\u003e99.9%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDimensions of each piece\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 mm x 100 mm or customized\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThickness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eResistivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e6.97 μΩ-cm at 20°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eBoiling point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e2732 °C (lit.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eMelting point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e1453 °C (lit.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eNet weight\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e~18 g (~9 g for each piece)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferences:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.  \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.electrochemsci.org\/papers\/vol4\/4081052.pdf\" data-mce-href=\"http:\/\/www.electrochemsci.org\/papers\/vol4\/4081052.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eElectrodeposition of Nickel Hydroxide Films on Nickel Foil and Its Electrochemical Performances for Supercapacitor,\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Int. J. Electrochem. Sci\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e., 4 (2009) 1052 – 1062\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1063\/1.3605560\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLow-temperature synthesis of graphene on nickel foil by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppl. Phys. Lett\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e98\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 263106 (2011)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jp1035184\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSurface-Nitrided Nickel with Bifunctional Structure As Low-Cost Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-title\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003ci data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eJ. Phys. Chem. C\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-year-info\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2010\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-volume\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 114\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-issue\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 31\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-pageRange\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 13397–13401\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":31976571306042,"sku":"BR0149","price":43.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/1153_MSE_PRO_99_9_Nickel_Metal_Foil_100_x_100_x_0_1_mm_pack_of_2_as_Substrate_for_Bat_0163d4b02e.jpg?v=1777698173"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-99-9-nickel-metal-foil-100-x-1000-x-0-01-mm-as-substrate-for-battery-research-film-deposition-and-catalysis","title":"MSE PRO 99.9% Nickel Metal Foil (100 x 1000 x 0.01 mm) as Substrate for Battery Research, Film Deposition and Catalysis","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct details:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNickel (Ni) metal foil has good corrosion resistance, thermal and electronic conductivity. Nickel metal foil is widely used as a substrate for \u003cem\u003ein-situ\u003c\/em\u003e growth of other nickel based electrode materials for battery and supercapacitor applications. Nickel foil is a commonly used substrate for graphene fabrication by CVD. Other popular applications can be found in sensors, solar cells and catalysis. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 534px;\" height=\"290\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 518px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eProduct SKU#\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003eBR0301\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e7440-02-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eNickel (Ni) ≥ \u003c\/span\u003e99.9% purity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDimensions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 mm (W) x 1000 mm (Length), 1 meter long\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThickness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.01 mm (10 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eElectrical Resistivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e6.97 μΩ-cm at 20°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eBoiling point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e2732 °C (lit.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eMelting point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e1453 °C (lit.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferences:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.  \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.electrochemsci.org\/papers\/vol4\/4081052.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http:\/\/www.electrochemsci.org\/papers\/vol4\/4081052.pdf\"\u003eElectrodeposition of Nickel Hydroxide Films on Nickel Foil and Its Electrochemical Performances for Supercapacitor,\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Int. J. Electrochem. Sci\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e., 4 (2009) 1052 – 1062\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1063\/1.3605560\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLow-temperature synthesis of graphene on nickel foil by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppl. Phys. Lett\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e98\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 263106 (2011)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jp1035184\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSurface-Nitrided Nickel with Bifunctional Structure As Low-Cost Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" class=\"cit-title\"\u003e\u003ci data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eJ. Phys. Chem. C\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" class=\"cit-year-info\"\u003e2010\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" class=\"cit-volume\"\u003e, 114\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" class=\"cit-issue\"\u003e, 31\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" class=\"cit-pageRange\"\u003e, 13397–13401\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39397966872634,"sku":"BR0301","price":164.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/1477_MSE_PRO_99_9_Nickel_Metal_Foil_100_x_1000_x_0_01_mm_as_Substrate_for_Battery_Res_d905c53ae0.jpg?v=1777706489"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-99-9-nickel-metal-foil-100-x-1000-x-0-05-mm-as-substrate-for-battery-research-film-deposition-and-catalysis","title":"MSE PRO 99.9% Nickel Metal Foil (100 x 1000 x 0.05 mm) as Substrate for Battery Research, Film Deposition and Catalysis","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct details:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNickel (Ni) metal foil has good corrosion resistance, thermal and electronic conductivity. Nickel metal foil is widely used as a substrate for \u003cem\u003ein-situ\u003c\/em\u003e growth of other nickel based electrode materials for battery and supercapacitor applications. Nickel foil is a commonly used substrate for graphene fabrication by CVD. Other popular applications can be found in sensors, solar cells and catalysis. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"290\" style=\"width: 534px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 518px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eProduct SKU#\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003eBR0310\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e7440-02-0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eNickel (Ni) ≥ \u003c\/span\u003e99.9% purity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDimensions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 mm (W) x 1000 mm (Length), 1 meter long\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThickness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.05 mm (50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eElectrical Resistivity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e6.97 μΩ-cm at 20°C\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eBoiling point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e2732 °C (lit.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 206px;\"\u003eMelting point\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e1453 °C (lit.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferences:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.  \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.electrochemsci.org\/papers\/vol4\/4081052.pdf\" data-mce-href=\"http:\/\/www.electrochemsci.org\/papers\/vol4\/4081052.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eElectrodeposition of Nickel Hydroxide Films on Nickel Foil and Its Electrochemical Performances for Supercapacitor,\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Int. J. Electrochem. Sci\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e., 4 (2009) 1052 – 1062\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1063\/1.3605560\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLow-temperature synthesis of graphene on nickel foil by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition, \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAppl. Phys. Lett\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e98\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 263106 (2011)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jp1035184\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSurface-Nitrided Nickel with Bifunctional Structure As Low-Cost Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-title\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003ci data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eJ. Phys. Chem. C\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-year-info\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2010\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-volume\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 114\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-issue\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 31\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"cit-pageRange\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, 13397–13401\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39468587810874,"sku":"BR0310","price":219.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/1563_MSE_PRO_99_9_Nickel_Metal_Foil_100_x_1000_x_0_05_mm_as_Substrate_for_Battery_Res_3987fffdbc.jpg?v=1777708714"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/en-gb\/collections\/nickel-foil\/chips.oembed","provider":"MSE Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}