{"title":"Single Crystals, Wafers and Substrates","description":"\u003cp style='background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: \" helvetica neue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 0px;'\u003eMSE Supplies provides both standard and customized high quality \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/single-crystals-wafers-and-crystal-substrates\/single-crystals-wafers-and-substrates\"\u003esingle crystals, wafers and substrates\u003c\/a\u003e for a wide range of applications such as LED, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, electro-optical, photonics, high power electronics, and high frequency power devices, just to name a few. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/customization-services\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomized\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e crystal growth, precision machining and coating services are available. Please contact us today to discuss your project requirements.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: \" helvetica neue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 0px;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease note consumable products are nonrefundable or eligible for return. Quality issues or concerns must be reported within 1 week of delivery.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: text; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.5px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: \" helvetica neue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 0px;'\u003eBy working with MSE Supplies, you can get customized substrates, single crystals, and wafers to meet your specific requirements.  Even for customized products, you will still appreciate the short lead time and favorable prices from MSE Supplies when compared to most other crystals and substrates suppliers.  This is why research institutions and technology companies around the world have switched from other suppliers to MSE Supplies when they have needs for crystals, wafers and substrates.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: text; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.5px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: \" helvetica neue\",helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 21px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px 0px;'\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\" style=\"line-height: 21px; margin: 0px;\" title=\"contact MSE Supplies\"\u003eContact us\u003c\/a\u003e today to order monolithic single crystals, wafers and substrates that meet your technical specifications.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"mse-pro-10-mm-x-10-5-mm-undoped-n-type-gallium-nitride-single-crystal-substrate-c-plane-0001","title":"MSE PRO 10 mm x 10.5 mm, Undoped, N-type, Gallium Nitride Single Crystal Substrate C plane (0001)","description":"\u003cstrong\u003eUndoped, N-type free-standing GaN substrate, size 10 mm x 10.5 mm, Single side polish or double side polish\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMSE Supplies offers premium quality GaN crystal substrates with low dislocation density (on the order of 10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e \/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e) and uniform surface with no periodic defects. These high quality GaN crystals have an usable area of more than 90%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer the best price on the market for high quality GaN crystal substrates. Customers from all over the world have trusted MSE Supplies as their preferred supplier of GaN crystal substrates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct #: \u003c\/strong\u003eWA0218 \u003cspan\u003e(Single Side Polished) \u003c\/span\u003e\/ \u003cspan\u003eWA0214 (Double Side Polished)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmain role=\"main\" class=\"wrapper main-content\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Product\" itemscope=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid-item large--three-fifths\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConductivity type\u003c\/strong\u003e: N-Type\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimension:\u003c\/strong\u003e 10.0 mm x 10.5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 350 +\/- 25 u\u003cspan\u003em \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUseable area:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;90%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis \u0026lt;1-100\u0026gt; 0.35 deg +\/- 0.15 deg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u0026lt;\u003c\/strong\u003e15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBow: \u0026lt;\u003c\/strong\u003e20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResistivity (300K)\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026lt; 0.5  Ohm-\u003cspan\u003ecm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarrier Concentration: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e1e17cm\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMobility:\u003c\/strong\u003e 500 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\/(V.s)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDislocation Density:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5x10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2 \u003c\/sup\u003e~ 3x10\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing: \u003c\/strong\u003ePolished\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003esurface: Ra \u0026lt;0.5 nm, Epi Ready. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003epackaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer container, under nitrogen atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated References: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCharacterization of GaN single crystals by defect selective etching\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssc.200306248\" class=\"epub-doi\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssc.200306248\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarrier transport in GaN single crystals and radiation detectors investigated by thermally stimulated spectroscopy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.wat.edu.pl\/review\/optor\/12(4)399.PDF\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp:\/\/www.wat.edu.pl\/review\/optor\/12(4)399.PDF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e\u003c!--\nhtml {  margin-top:40px; } body { position:relative;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polishing (SSP)","offer_id":22039017476,"sku":"WA0218","price":359.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Double Side Polishing (DSP)","offer_id":23185359306810,"sku":"WA0214","price":395.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/001_MSE_PRO_10_mm_x_10_5_mm_Undoped_N-type_Gallium_Nitride_Single_Crystal_Substrate__049e62c487.jpg?v=1777490038"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-10-mm-x-10-5-mm-fe-doped-semi-insulating-gallium-nitride-single-crystal-c-plane-0001","title":"MSE PRO 10 mm x 10.5 mm Fe-Doped Semi-Insulating Gallium Nitride Single Crystal C Plane (0001)","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDescription for 10 mm x 10.5 mm Fe-Doped Gallium Nitride Single Crystal C Plane (0001)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMSE Supplies offers premium quality GaN crystal substrates with low dislocation density (on the order of 10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e \/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e) and uniform surface with no periodic defects. These high quality GaN crystals have an usable area of more than 90%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer the best price on the market for high quality GaN crystal substrates. Customers from all over the world have trusted MSE Supplies as their preferred supplier of GaN crystal substrates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eFree-standing GaN substrate, C plane (0001), semi-insulating, size 10 mm x 10.5 mm \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eConductivity type\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e: semi-insulating\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eSingle side polished (SSP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eProduct #: WA0220\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 10.0 mm x 10.5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 350 +\/- 25 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsable area: \u0026gt;90%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: C-plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis \u0026lt;1-100\u0026gt; 0.35 deg +\/- 0.15 deg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u0026lt; 15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: \u0026lt; 20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistivity (300K): \u0026gt; 10\u003csup\u003e6 \u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eOhm-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003ecm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFe-doping concentration: ~ 3\u003cspan\u003e × 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e18\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e−\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDislocation Density: 5x10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2 \u003c\/sup\u003e~ 3x10\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2 \u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: Ga face polish. Front surface: Ra \u0026lt;0.2 nm, epi-ready, double side polished available upon request\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePackage: packaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer container, under nitrogen atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated References\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n1. Semi-insulating GaN and its evaluation for alpha particle detection\u003cbr\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-9002(03)01550-X\"\u003ehttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-9002(03)01550-X\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e2. High power microwave GaN-based devices\u003cbr\u003ehttp:\/\/ecst.ecsdl.org\/content\/75\/12\/77.full.pdf\u003cbr\u003edoi: \u003cspan class=\"slug-doi\" title=\"10.1149\/07512.0077ecst\"\u003e10.1149\/07512.0077ecst \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ccite\u003e\u003cabbr class=\"slug-jnl-abbrev\" title=\"ECS Transactions\"\u003eECS Trans.\u003c\/abbr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"slug-pub-date\"\u003e 2016 \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"slug-vol\"\u003evolume 75,\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"slug-issue\"\u003eissue 12, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"slug-pages\"\u003e77-84\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/cite\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003ccite\u003e\u003cspan class=\"slug-pages\"\u003e3. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/cite\u003e\u003ccite\u003e\u003cspan class=\"slug-pages\"\u003eCharge Transfer in Fe-doped GaN: the Role of the Donor\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/cite\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUstun Sunay, J. Dashdorj, M.E. Zvanut, J.G. Harrison, J. H. Leach, and K. Udwary, Charge Transfer in Fe-doped GaN: the Role of the Donor. \"Charge Transfer in Fe-doped GaN: the Role of the Donor,\" \u003ci\u003eAIP Conference Proceedings\u003c\/i\u003e, v.1583, 2014, p. 297.\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23760388358202,"sku":"WA0220","price":485.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/002_MSE_PRO_10_mm_x_10_5_mm_Fe-Doped_Semi-Insulating_Gallium_Nitride_Single_Crystal__93c59aa551.jpg?v=1777492141"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-inch-si-doped-n-type-gan-4-5-um-gallium-nitride-template-on-sapphire-0001","title":"MSE PRO 2 inch Si-doped N-type GaN 4.5 um Gallium Nitride Template on Sapphire (0001)","description":"\u003ch2\u003eFeatures for 2 in Si-doped N-type 4.5 um Gallium Nitride Template on Sapphire, SSP or DSP\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePart No: WA0204 for SSP sapphire substrate, WA0223 for DSP sapphire substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConductivity type: N-Type (Si-doped)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSapphire Substrate Polish: Single side polish (SSP) or double side polish (DSP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 50.8 mm +\/- 0.2 mm (2 inch diameter)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness\/Thickness STD:4.5 ±1 μm \/ \u0026lt; 3%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsable area: \u0026gt; 90% (edge and macro defects exclusion)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation of GaN: C plane (0001) off angle toward A-axis 0.2 ± 0.1 deg\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistivity (300K): \u0026lt; 0.05 Ohm-cm \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation of sapphire substrate: C plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis 0.2 ± 0.1 deg\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePackage: packaged in a clean room environment, in cassettes or single wafer containers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRelated References:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Si- and Ge-Doped GaN Films Grown with GaN Buffer Layers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"display: inline !important;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1143\/JJAP.31.2883\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1143\/JJAP.31.2883\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Band-gap re-normalization and band filling in Si-doped GaN films studied by photoluminescence spectroscopy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.371377\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.371377\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. The role of dislocation scattering in \u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e-type GaN films\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.122012\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.122012\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. Activation energies of Si donors in GaN\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.115805\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.115805\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sectionInfo abstractSectionHeading\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"sectionHeading\" id=\"fragmentNav_0\"\u003eABSTRACT\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"NLM_paragraph\"\u003eThe electronic properties of Si donors in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eheteroepitaxial\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003elayers of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eGaN\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewere investigated. The\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003en-\u003c\/i\u003etype\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eGaN\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003elayers were grown by\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emetal organic chemical vapor deposition\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand either intentionally\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edoped\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ewith Si or unintentionally\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edoped.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eThe samples were evaluated by variable\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003etemperature\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eHall effect\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003emeasurements\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ephotoluminescence\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e(PL)\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003espectroscopy.\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFor both types of samples the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003en\u003c\/i\u003e¨«type conductivity was found to be dominated by a donor with an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eactivation energy between 12 and 17 meV. This donor is attributed to Si atoms substituting for Ga in the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eGaN\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003elattice (Si\u003csub\u003eGa\u003c\/sub\u003e). The range of\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eactivation energies\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis due to different levels of donor concentrations and acceptor compensation in our samples. The assignment of a PL signature to a donor acceptor pair recombination involving the Si donor level as the initial state of the radiative transition yields the position of the optical Si donor level in the\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eGaN\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eband gap\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eat u\u003ci\u003eE\u003c\/i\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003ci\u003ec\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e(22+\/-4) meV. A deeper donor level is also present in our\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eGaN\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ematerial with an\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eactivation energy\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eof 34 meV which is tentatively assigned to oxygen donors substituting for nitrogen (O\u003csub\u003eN\u003c\/sub\u003e).\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cmain class=\"wrapper main-content\" role=\"main\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid-item large--three-fifths\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":22126784964,"sku":"WA0204","price":699.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":23111103021114,"sku":"WA0223","price":749.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/003_MSE_PRO_2_inch_Si-doped_N-type_GaN_4_5_um_Gallium_Nitride_Template_on_Sapphire_0_75b82b774e.jpg?v=1777492609"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-5-x-10-mm-non-polar-undoped-n-type-gallium-nitride-gan-single-crystal","title":"MSE PRO 5 x 10 mm Non-Polar Undoped N-Type Gallium Nitride GaN Single Crystal","description":"\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003eProduct #: WA0235\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConductivity type\u003c\/strong\u003e: N-Type (undoped)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimension:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5.0 mm x 10 mm +\/- 0.2 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 350 +\/- 25 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUsable area:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt; 90%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation:\u003c\/strong\u003e Other Non-polar planes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/Off-cut_specs_of_non-polar_GaN_large.JPG?v=1476911191\" width=\"386\" height=\"225\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u0026lt;15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBow: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u0026lt;20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResistivity (300K)\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026lt; 0.5 Ohm-cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCarrier Concentration: \u003c\/strong\u003e1e17cm\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMobility:\u003c\/strong\u003e 500 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\/(V*s)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDislocation Density:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026lt; 5x10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing: \u003c\/strong\u003efront surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm. Epi-ready polished. back surface fine ground.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003epackaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer containers, under nitrogen atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReference:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Nonpolar GaN substrates grown by ammonothermal method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.3227893\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.3227893\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sectionInfo abstractSectionHeading\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"sectionHeading\" id=\"fragmentNav_0\"\u003eABSTRACT\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"NLM_paragraph\"\u003eIn this letter, the authors demonstrate large size\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MathJax\" id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" data-mathml='\u0026lt;math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" altimg=\"eq-00001.gif\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mi\u0026gt;m\u0026lt;\/mi\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/math\u0026gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 20px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 0px 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\u003cnobr aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"math\" id=\"MathJax-Span-1\" overflow=\"scroll\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mrow\" id=\"MathJax-Span-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mi\" id=\"MathJax-Span-3\"\u003em\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/nobr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e-plane\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cnamed-content xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:oasis=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/standards\/z39-96\/ns\/oasis-exchange\/table\" content-type=\"sem:AIPTh1.2\" rid=\"kwd1.1\"\u003eGaN\u003c\/named-content\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esubstrates\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cnamed-content xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:oasis=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/standards\/z39-96\/ns\/oasis-exchange\/table\" content-type=\"sem:AIPTh1.2\" rid=\"kwd1.5 kwd1.7\"\u003egrown\u003c\/named-content\u003eby ammonothermal method. These substrates have excellent structural quality. The concentration of threading\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cnamed-content xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:oasis=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/standards\/z39-96\/ns\/oasis-exchange\/table\" content-type=\"sem:AIPTh1.2\" rid=\"kwd1.6\"\u003edislocation\u003c\/named-content\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edensity is below\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"equationTd inline-formula\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MathJax\" id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" data-mathml='\u0026lt;math xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" altimg=\"eq-00002.gif\"\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mn\u0026gt;5\u0026lt;\/mn\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mo\u0026gt;\u0026amp;#xD7;\u0026lt;\/mo\u0026gt;\u0026lt;msup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mn\u0026gt;10\u0026lt;\/mn\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mn\u0026gt;4\u0026lt;\/mn\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/msup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mtext\u0026gt;\u0026amp;#x2002;\u0026lt;\/mtext\u0026gt;\u0026lt;msup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mtext\u0026gt;cm\u0026lt;\/mtext\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mo\u0026gt;\u0026amp;#x2212;\u0026lt;\/mo\u0026gt;\u0026lt;mn\u0026gt;2\u0026lt;\/mn\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/msup\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/mrow\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/math\u0026gt;' role=\"presentation\" style=\"display: inline; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; font-size: 20px; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px 2px 0px 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\u003cnobr aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"math\" id=\"MathJax-Span-4\" overflow=\"scroll\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mrow\" id=\"MathJax-Span-5\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mrow\" id=\"MathJax-Span-6\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"msup\" id=\"MathJax-Span-14\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mrow\" id=\"MathJax-Span-17\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mn\" id=\"MathJax-Span-19\"\u003e2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/nobr\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\" role=\"presentation\"\u003e\u003cmath xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\" altimg=\"eq-00002.gif\"\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e5\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003cmo\u003ex\u003c\/mo\u003e\u003cmsup\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e10^\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e4\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/msup\u003e\u003cmtext\u003e\/\u003c\/mtext\u003e\u003cmsup\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmtext\u003ecm\u003c\/mtext\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003cmrow\u003e\u003cmn\u003e2\u003c\/mn\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003c\/msup\u003e\u003c\/mrow\u003e\u003c\/math\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"formulaLabel\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand the full width at half maximum for the symmetrical and asymmetrical peaks equals 16 and 19 arcsec, respectively. Also good optical quality, the energy gap-related transition is clearly observed at room temperature in\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cnamed-content xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:oasis=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/standards\/z39-96\/ns\/oasis-exchange\/table\" content-type=\"sem:AIPTh1.2\" rid=\"kwd1.3\"\u003ephotoluminescence\u003c\/named-content\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eand contactless electroreflectance\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cnamed-content xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:oasis=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/standards\/z39-96\/ns\/oasis-exchange\/table\" content-type=\"sem:AIPTh1.2\" rid=\"kwd1.10\"\u003espectra.\u003c\/named-content\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cnamed-content xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:oasis=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/standards\/z39-96\/ns\/oasis-exchange\/table\" content-type=\"sem:AIPTh1.2\" rid=\"kwd1.1\"\u003eGaN\u003c\/named-content\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eepilayers deposited on these substrates exhibit intrinsic narrow\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cnamed-content xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" xmlns:ali=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:oasis=\"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/standards\/z39-96\/ns\/oasis-exchange\/table\" content-type=\"sem:AIPTh1.2\" rid=\"kwd1.4\"\u003eexciton\u003c\/named-content\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003elines which are very sensitive to the optical selection rules typical for hexagonal symmetry, proving truly nonpolar character of the material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"NLM_paragraph\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"NLM_paragraph\"\u003e2. Thesis: Growth and characterization of non-polar GaN materials and investigation of efficiency droop in InGaN light emitting diodes\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"NLM_paragraph\"\u003ehttps:\/\/scholarscompass.vcu.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=3234\u0026amp;context=etd\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23763239370810,"sku":"WA0235","price":757.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/products\/square_01728465-7903-4740-b80e-d5ac50978d7c.jpg?v=1752254278"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-two-tier-8-jar-lab-roller-mill","title":"MSE PRO Two Tier 8-Jar Lab Roller Mill","description":"\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrand: \u003cstrong\u003eMSE PRO\u003csup\u003eTM\u003c\/sup\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManufacturer: MSE Supplies LLC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSKU #: MA0114\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eModel: JM-8-2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrinding Tools: Horizontal Grinding Jar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNumber of Grinding Jar: 8 (jars sold separately)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrinding Jar Volumes: 0.5L to 5L each\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Loading Capacity: 280 kg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRotational Speed of roller: recommend 164-410 RPM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eControl: Programmable frequency controller, control of speed, time and time interval control.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSuggested Max. Running Time between Intervals:\u0026lt; 1000mins.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInterval time :2 hours\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNo. of Rollers: 6\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpace Between Rollers: adjustable, max. 230 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRoller with PU liner diameter:60mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRoller Length: 609 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower Supply: single phase 110 V or 220 V AC, 1.5 KW, 50\/60 Hz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOverall Dimension:  950*660*960mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNet Weight: 106KG\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShipping weight: 135 Kg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarranty: 1 year warranty after delivery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":1065116424,"sku":"MA0114","price":6155.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/009_MSE_PRO_Two_Tier_8-Jar_Lab_Roller_Mill_212caf26c1.jpg?v=1777583870"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-304-stainless-steel-grinding-media-balls-1-kg","title":"MSE PRO 304 Stainless Steel Grinding Media Balls, 1 kg","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolished 304 Stainless Steel Grinding Media Balls\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e304 stainless steel is the most common type of stainless steel. 304 stainless steel grinding media balls have excellent corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance, and therefore have been widely used in many different grinding and milling applications. Choose between 1 mm - 50 mm in size for the stainless steel media.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeneral Description for 304 Stainless Steel Grinding Media\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: 304 Stainless Steel (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/stainless-steel-milling-media\/products\/316-stainless-steel-grinding-media-balls-3mm-to-50mm\"\u003e316 stainless steel\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/stainless-steel-milling-media\/products\/chrome-steel-grinding-media-balls-5mm-to-50mm\"\u003echrome steel \u003c\/a\u003egrinding balls are available)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBall diameters: 1mm\/ 3mm\/ 5mm\/ 10mm\/ 15mm\/ 20mm\/ 25mm\/ 50mm (other sizes are available upon request) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDensity: 8.0 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHardness: \u003cspan\u003e187HB, 90HRB, 200HV\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGrade: grade 1000 for bearing balls \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbrasion resistance: good\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuitable for: medium-hard, brittle samples\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCompatible grinding jars: 304 stainless steel jars\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#8cafc7\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct #\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize (mm)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuantity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0400\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e1\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg Approx. - 238,913 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0401\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 8,849 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0402\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 1,911 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0403\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 467 balls\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0404\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 239 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0405\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 138 balls\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0406\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 71 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0406A\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e15.875  (5\/8\")\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1- kg Approx. - 60 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0407\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 30 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003eBA0409\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 15 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#b2cbdc\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBA0412\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.544%;\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.456%;\"\u003e1 - kg, Approx. - 2 balls\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable cellpadding=\"2\" cellspacing=\"0\" border=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#8cafc7\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCHEMICAL COMPOSITION\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e\n\u003ctd bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003eCHROMIUM\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18%-20%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCARBON\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e.08% MAX.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNICKEL\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8%-10.5%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eMANGANESE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e2% MAX.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSILICON\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1% MAX.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePHOSPHOROUS\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e.045% MAX.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSULPHUR\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd bgcolor=\"#B2CBDC\"\u003e.03% MAX.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe difference between 316 and 304 stainless steel\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSimilar to 304 stainless steel, Grade 316 stainless steel has high amounts of chromium and nickel. A major difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel is the amount of molybdenum (Mo) in the chemical composition, with 316 stainless steel containing 2 to 3 percent by weight of molybdenum vs only trace amounts found in 304 stainless steel. The higher molybdenum content results in grade 316 possessing increased corrosion resistance.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"5mm","offer_id":18331348369466,"sku":"BA0402","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm","offer_id":18331348893754,"sku":"BA0404","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15mm","offer_id":19042359017530,"sku":"BA0406","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20mm","offer_id":23640712937530,"sku":"BA0407","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25mm","offer_id":18331349745722,"sku":"BA0409","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50mm","offer_id":18331350597690,"sku":"BA0412","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"3mm","offer_id":18364567552058,"sku":"BA0401","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1mm","offer_id":18331348041786,"sku":"BA0400","price":252.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"38mm (1.5 inch)","offer_id":32046736703546,"sku":"BA0420","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"12mm","offer_id":32046737424442,"sku":"BA0405","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"8mm","offer_id":32046737915962,"sku":"BA0403","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15.875mm","offer_id":39384985436218,"sku":"BA0406A","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/013_MSE_PRO_304_Stainless_Steel_Grinding_Media_Balls_1_kg_6b44e9db74.jpg?v=1777583899"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-dysprosium-iii-oxide-dy-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub-powder-99-99-4n","title":"MSE PRO Dysprosium (III) Oxide (Dy\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) Powder 99.99% 4N","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cb\u003eDysprosium (III) Oxide, Dy\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e , 99.99% 4N High Purity Powder\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct Number: \u003cspan\u003ePO1201 (500 g), PO1202 (1 kg)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormula: Dy\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS Number: 1308-87-8\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMolecular Weight: 372.998 g\/mol\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 7.81 g\/mL at 25°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMelting Point: 2408°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParticle size: 4~6 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColor: white and slightly hygroscopic powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolubility: Moderately soluble in acid, not soluble in water.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoisture Sensitivity: slightly hygroscopic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePurity: 99.99% 4N (\u003cspan\u003eTREO*\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e* TREO - Total Rare Earth Oxides\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDy\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (dysprosium oxide) is used in ceramics, glass, phosphors, lasers and dysprosium halide lamps. Dy\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e is commonly used as an additive in making optical materials. It is also used in catalysis applications. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: \u003cspan\u003eMore detailed product information including SDS, certificate of analysis (COA), lead time and volume pricing are available upon request.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"574\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"268\"\u003eRare Earth Impurities Content (ppm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"306\"\u003eNon- Rare Earth Impurities Content (ppm)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLa\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003e    5.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCeO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e      \u0026lt;4.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCaO       31.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePr\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e       18.52\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNd\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCl\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e         86.30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eSm\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;9.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGd\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e   \u0026lt;6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLoss on Ignition (L.O.I.)     \u0026lt;0.41%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTb\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;16.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHo\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;22.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eEr\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003e    \u0026lt;1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTm\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e    5.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eLu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e     \u0026lt;1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e     \u0026lt;10.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eY\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e     \u0026lt;1.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePreparation and thermophysical properties of \u003c\/span\u003eDy\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eZr\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7 \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eceramic for thermal barrier coatings, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eX Qiang, P Wei, W Jingdong, Q Longhao, M Hezhuo - Materials Letters, 2005 - Elsevier\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTransparent ceramics for lighting\u003cbr\u003eGC Wei - Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2009 - Elsevier\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEffect of Y and Dy co-doping on electrical conductivity of ceria ceramics\u003cbr\u003eSK Tadokoro, ENS Muccillo - Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2007 - Elsevier\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePreparation and photocatalytic activity of anatase titania modified with dysprosium oxide, R NK, AK Akhila - Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , 2016 - jchps.com\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"100g","offer_id":31377997463610,"sku":"PO1203","price":248.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500g","offer_id":21744412164154,"sku":"PO1201","price":1293.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1kg","offer_id":16904606613562,"sku":"PO1202","price":2256.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/017_MSE_PRO_Dysprosium_III_Oxide_Dy_sub_2_sub_O_sub_3_sub_Powder_99_99_4N_47c5dfb44c.jpg?v=1777583927"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-1-1-mm-12-15-ohm-sq-ito-coated-glass-substrate","title":"MSE PRO 1.1 mm 12~15 Ohm\/Sq ITO Coated Glass Substrate","description":"\u003ch2\u003e12~15 Ohm\/sq, ITO Glass Substrate, Indium Doped Tin Oxide (In-SnO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e or ITO) coated glass, can customize conductive film patterns as required\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFree Samples\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e are available upon request for preliminary testing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/blogs\/news\/ito-indium-tin-oxide-1\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/blogs\/news\/ito-indium-tin-oxide-1\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eClick here for publications using our products\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\" data-mce-style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003eITO Patterns can be custom made based on customer requirements.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass: NSG Soda Lime Glass (SLG),\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass Transition Temperature: 564°C (1,047°F )\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 1\" x 1\" (25 mm x 25 mm), 2\" x 2\", 4\" x 4\", or can be customized.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecial Patterns: can be customized according to customer provided drawings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheet resistance: \u003ca title=\"ITO GLASS, ITO SUBSTRATE, 5-7 Ohm\/sq\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\/products\/ito-glass-substrate-5-7-ohm-sq-indium-doped-tin-oxide-in-sno2-or-ito-coated-glass-can-customize-conductive-film-patterns-as-required?variant=32483808132\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\/products\/ito-glass-substrate-5-7-ohm-sq-indium-doped-tin-oxide-in-sno2-or-ito-coated-glass-can-customize-conductive-film-patterns-as-required?variant=32483808132\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e5-7 ohm\/sq,\u003c\/a\u003e \u003ca title=\"ITO GLASS, ITO SUBSTRATE,\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/products\/7-9-ohm-sq-ito-substrate-indium-doped-tin-oxide-in-sno2-or-ito-coated-glass-can-customize-conductive-film-patterns-as-required\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/products\/mse-pro-1-1-mm-7-10-ohm-sq-ito-coated-glass-substrate?variant=19984542596\"\u003e7-9 ohm\/sq,\u003c\/a\u003e12-15 ohm\/sq, 18 ohm\/sq, 30 ohm\/sq, 50 ohm\/sq, 100 ohm\/sq, or can be customized.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass thickness: 1.1 mm is standard, other thickness can be customized\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eITO coating thickness: ~ 100 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransmittance: \u0026gt;84%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical RMS \u0026lt; 5 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEtching capability: Laser etching or wet etching of various patterns.  \u003cspan\u003eBoth techniques have a resolution of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e+\/- 50um.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"661\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"661\" colspan=\"4\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003etechnical information and specifications of ITO coated soda lime glass\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"114\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSpecification (Ohm\/sq)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSheet Resistance  (Ohm\/sq)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eVisible Light Transmittance  (%)*\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThickness  of  ITO Film\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e500\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤500\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥90\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e120ű 30Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e150\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤150\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥87. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e150ű 30Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e125\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤125\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥87. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e200ű30Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥87. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e230ű 50Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥86. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e300ű5oÅ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥85. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e350ű 50Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥84. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e400ű 50Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥85. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e500ű 100Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥80. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e650ű 100Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥85. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e950ű 100Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥85. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1350ű 150Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥84. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1850ű 200Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥80. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e2200ű 300Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"165\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"243\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≥77. 0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"139\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3500ű 300Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"661\" colspan=\"4\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e* Transmission will vary slightly depending on thickness of the glass substrate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"594\" width=\"595\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"866\" colspan=\"6\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eITO conductive glass substrates\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade (ohm\/sq)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize L x W (mmxmm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThickness (mm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinimum of Order\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrices of non-etched ($\/sheet)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrices of etched Patterns ($\/sheet)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10x10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.49\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\"\u003eContact Us\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ex15\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.69\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\"\u003eContact Us\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25x25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.39\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\"\u003eContact Us\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50x50\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.29\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\"\u003eContact Us\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"126\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100x100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"125\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.29\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\"\u003eContact Us\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndium tin oxide (ITO) is one of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides (TCO) because of its two main properties, its electrical conductivity and optical transparency. ITO can also be easily deposited on a substrate as a thin film. High quality sputtered Indium Doped Tin Oxide (ITO) films can be used as electrodes for photovoltaic\/solar cells, LCD display, electrochemical deposition, capacitors, Infrared detection applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomer Testimonials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarlos Biaou, a PhD student at \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/berkeley.edu\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/berkeley.edu\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUC Berkeley\u003c\/a\u003e worked with MSE Supplies to fabricate several hundred customized \u003ca title=\"customized ITO and FTO substrates\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eITO and FTO substrates\u003c\/a\u003e for his thesis research, and he had a very positive feedback on the products and services he received from MSE Supplies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"The uniformity of the ITO and FTO layers were excellent, and the custom pattern I ordered was well formed.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"The variation in size from substrate to substrate is within the margins of errors I needed, so that's great too.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"I appreciate the great customer service and diligence you've shown in customizing my substrates.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Selma Duhovi from \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT\u003c\/a\u003e has used the \u003ca title=\"customized ITO and FTO substrates\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eITO and FTO substrates\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e provided by \u003c\/span\u003eMSE Supplies for smart glass application, and has been very satisfied with the products and services provided by MSE Supplies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The FTO and ITO glass slides you sent me work GREAT!\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The substrates work really well for smart glass application.\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The experiments have gone well!\" \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Academia Customers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNREL, UC Berkeley, UCLA, Caltech, MIT, Yale, University of Michigan, Cornell, University of Chicago, State University of New York (SUNY), McMaster Univ., National Physical Laboratory (NPL), etc.\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 1.1 mm 100 PC\/PK","offer_id":3387304452,"sku":"GL0308","price":219.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"15mm x 15mm x 1.1 mm 100 PC\/PK","offer_id":39883116019770,"sku":"GL0372","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25mm x 25mm x 1.1mm, 100 PC\/PK","offer_id":19983951812,"sku":"GL0342","price":329.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50mm x 50mm x 1.1mm, 50 PC\/PK","offer_id":19984044228,"sku":"GL0343","price":318.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100mm x 100mm x 1.1mm, 25 PC\/PK","offer_id":19984068932,"sku":"GL0302","price":329.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/018_MSE_PRO_1_1_mm_12_15_Ohm_Sq_ITO_Coated_Glass_Substrate_c3dbaee652.jpg?v=1777583934"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-ito-coated-pet-film","title":"MSE PRO ITO Coated PET Film","description":"\u003ch2\u003eTransparent Conductive PET Film Coated with Indium Doped Tin Oxide (In-SnO2 or ITO) in rolls or one square meter PET film sheets (ITO\/PET)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications of ITO Coated PET Film\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh quality sputtered ITO films can be used as electrodes for photovoltaic\/solar cell, LCD display, flexible display, electro-chemical deposition, biosensors, capacitors, infrared detection applications. Our ITO-coated PET films have also been used as ITO coated EMI shielded plastic windows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLearn more about our indium tin oxide coated PET films below.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstrate: optically clear PET film\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePET substrate thickness: \u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e0.175 mm (175 microns) or 0.125 mm (125 microns) \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass Transition Temperature (Tg) of PET is 67-81°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimensions: Roll width = 800 mm, length can be customized. One square meter (1 m^2) sheet dimensions: 1250 mm x 800 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eITO Coating Sheet Resistance Options: 6~10 ohm\/sq, 20~30 ohm\/sq, 30~40 ohm\/sq, 5\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e0~80 ohm\/sq, \u003c\/span\u003e100~140 ohm\/sq, other sheet resistance ITO\/PET films are available upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eITO Coating Thickness: 200 - 350 nm (6\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e~10 ohm\/sq), 65 - 95 nm (20~30 ohm\/sq), 15 - 25 nm (100~140\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px;\"\u003e ohm\/sq)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px; margin: 0px;\"\u003eSurface Roughness RMS (\u003cspan\u003e5um x 5um area)\u003c\/span\u003e:~ A few nanometers based on AFM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVisible Light Transmittance: \u0026gt;85% (100\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e~140 ohm\/sq\u003c\/span\u003e), \u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e\u0026gt;83% (20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e~30 ohm\/sq\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e\u0026gt;75% (5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e~8 ohm\/sq\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: 21px;\"\u003e) \u003c\/span\u003eUV absorption \u0026gt;85%, IR reflection \u0026gt;85%, microwave degradation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCustomized sizes and sheet resistance options are available upon request.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"410\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"410\" colspan=\"3\"\u003eITO Layer thickness information\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003eSpecification (Ohm\/sq)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003eSheet Resistance  (Ohm\/sq)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003eThickness  of  ITO Film\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e500\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤500\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e120ű 30Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e150\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤150\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e150ű 30Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e125\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤125\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e200ű30Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e230ű 50Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e300ű5oÅ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e350ű 50Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e400ű 50Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e500ű 100Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e650ű 100Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e950ű 100Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e1350ű 150Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e1850ű 200Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e6\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤7\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e2200ű 300Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"111\"\u003e≤5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"180\"\u003e3500ű 300Å\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"1 square meter, 1.25m x 0.8m x 0.175mm (100~140 Ohm\/sq)","offer_id":14706032017466,"sku":"GL0403","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 square meter, 1.4m x 0.7m x 0.175mm (20~30 Ohm\/sq)","offer_id":14706031984698,"sku":"GL0401","price":327.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 square meter, 1.25m x 0.8m x 0.175mm (6~10 Ohm\/sq)","offer_id":3436447044,"sku":"GL0402","price":437.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 square meter, 1.25m x 0.8m x 0.175mm (30~40 Ohm\/sq)","offer_id":31725762183226,"sku":"GL0408","price":318.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 square meter, 1.25m x 0.8m x 0.125mm (20~35 Ohm\/sq)","offer_id":31725762740282,"sku":"GL0409","price":327.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 square meter, 1.25m x 0.8m x 0.175mm (50~80 Ohm\/sq)","offer_id":31955025690682,"sku":"GL0410","price":307.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 square meter, 1.25m x 0.8m x 0.175mm (70~100 Ohm\/sq)","offer_id":39403901091898,"sku":"GL0411","price":307.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/019_MSE_PRO_ITO_Coated_PET_Film_1930245488.jpg?v=1777583942"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-4-inch-n-type-undoped-gan-4-um-gallium-nitride-template-on-sapphire-0001","title":"MSE PRO 4 inch N-Type Undoped GaN 4 um Gallium Nitride Template on Sapphire (0001)","description":"\u003cp\u003e4 inch GaN Templates on Sapphire (0001), N-type (undoped), GaN 4 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!-- Header hook for plugins ================================================== --\u003e \u003cscript async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/javascripts\/shopify_stats.js?v=6\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvarShopify=Shopify||{};Shopify.shop=\"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\";Shopify.theme={\"name\":\"Supply\",\"id\":8952913,\"theme_store_id\":679,\"role\":\"main\"};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript id=\"__st\"\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvar__st={\"a\":7162167,\"offset\":-25200,\"reqid\":\"5b533f4d-3031-42a5-94d6-dad4066c0a9b\",\"pageurl\":\"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/collections\/frontpage\/products\/2-gan-templates-on-sapphire-0001-n-type-gan-3-5-m\",\"s\":\"products-384611517\",\"t\":\"lead\",\"u\":\"8db7f7899f6c\",\"p\":\"product\",\"rtyp\":\"product\",\"rid\":384611517};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\n(function(){vars=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src='\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/javascripts\/shopify_stats.js?v=6';varx=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];x.parentNode.insertBefore(s,x);})();\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nfunctiongetStyle(el,styleProp){varx=el;if(x.currentStyle)vary=x.currentStyle[styleProp];elseif(window.getComputedStyle)vary=document.defaultView.getComputedStyle(x,null).getPropertyValue(styleProp);returny;}functiondoShift(down){varallElements=document.getElementsByTagName('*');for(vari=0;i\u003callElements.length;i++){if(allElements[i].id!=\"admin_bar_iframe\"\u0026\u0026getStyle(allElements[i],\"position\")==\"fixed\")allElements[i].style.top=parseInt(getStyle(allElements[i],\"top\"),10)+(down?40:-40)+\"px\";}}window.onload=function(){doShift(true);}if(window.addEventListener){addEventListener(\"message\",receiveABMessage,false);}else{window.attachEvent(\"onmessage\",receiveABMessage)}functionsetABVCookie(value){varex=newDate();ex.setDate(ex.getDate()+720);document.cookie=\"_abv=\"+value+\";expires=\"+ex.toUTCString()+\";path=\/\";}functionreceiveABMessage(event){if(event.origin!='https:\/\/pandaeagle.myshopify.com')return;if(event.data=='1'){document.body.style.position='relative';document.documentElement.style.marginTop=\"40px\";doShift(true);varelement=document.getElementById(\"admin_bar_iframe\");element.style.width='100%';element.style.backgroundColor='#191919';element.style.right='auto';element.style.left=0;setABVCookie('1');}elseif(event.data=='0'){document.body.style.position='relative';document.documentElement.style.marginTop=\"0px\";doShift(false);varelement=document.getElementById(\"admin_bar_iframe\");element.style.backgroundColor='transparent';element.style.right='0px';element.style.left='auto';element.style.width='40px';setABVCookie('0');}}\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cscript type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/libs\/jquery\/1.11.0\/jquery.min.js\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/modernizr.min.js?102\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmain class=\"wrapper main-content\" role=\"main\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid-item large--three-fifths\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct SKU#: WA0213\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConductivity type: N-Type (undoped)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 100 mm +\/- 0.1 mm (4 inch diameter)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGaN Thickness:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e+\/-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 0.5 um\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsable area: \u0026gt;90%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation of GaN: C plane (0001) off angle toward A-axis 0.2 ± 0.1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary Orientation Flat of GaN: (1-100) +\/- 0.2 deg, length 30.0 +\/- 1.0 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation (TTV): \u0026lt;25 um\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistivity (300K): \u0026lt; 0.5 Ohm-cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDislocation Density: \u0026lt; 5x10^8 cm^-2\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrier concentration: \u0026gt; 2x10\u003csup\u003e18 \u003c\/sup\u003ecm\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMobility \u0026gt; 200 cm2\/V-s\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eXRD FWHMs: (0002) \u0026lt; 300 arcsec, (10-12) \u0026lt; 400 arcsec\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface AFM RMS: \u0026lt; 0.5 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSapphire substrate thickness: 650 +\/- 25 \u003cspan\u003eu\u003c\/span\u003em\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation of sapphire substrate: C plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis 0.2 ± 0.1, \u003cspan\u003e length 30.0 +\/- 1.0 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstrate Structure: GaN\/Sapphire (0001)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished (SSP) is standard, double side polish is available upon request.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePackage: packaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer containers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated references: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. \u003cspan class=\"ng-binding\"\u003eElectrical Characteristics and Deep Traps Spectra of Undoped GaN Films Grown on Si Using Different Strain-Relieving Buffer Types\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ng-binding\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDOI:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca class=\"ng-binding ng-isolate-scope\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNANO.2013.2294996\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e10.1109\/TNANO.2013.2294996\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"ng-binding\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbstract:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"abstract-text ng-binding\"\u003eElectrical properties of GaN films grown on Si by molecular beam epitaxy using various types of strain-relieving layers have been studied by means of Hall\/van der Pauw measurements, capacitance-voltage profiling, admittance spectroscopy, and deep levels transient spectroscopy with electrical and optical injection. The electrical properties of all grown films were determined by relatively deep electron traps N1, N2, and N3 with aggregate concentration of ~10\u003csup\u003e17\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecm\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e. Freezing out of these traps led to the films freezing out down to the depth corresponding to the nearest underlying heterointerface where a strong band bending caused a sharp nonuniformity of charge carriers concentration. For AlN or Al-rich AlGaN underlying films, this band bending could cause formation of hole sheet charge leading to apparent conductivity to appear p-type in Hall. Other deep traps detected in the grown films were N4 and N5 acceptors with levels near E\u003csub\u003ec\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e- 0.6 eV, and hole traps H1 and H2 with levels near E\u003csub\u003ev\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e+ 0.9 eV. Possible consequences of the observed phenomena for designing the thick GaN stand-off films in power transistors are briefly discussed.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23763270008890,"sku":"WA0213","price":1999.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/020_MSE_PRO_4_inch_N-Type_Undoped_GaN_4_um_Gallium_Nitride_Template_on_Sapphire_0001_4f8ad064f8.jpg?v=1777583949"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-inch-undoped-n-type-gan-20-um-gallium-nitride-template-on-sapphire-0001","title":"MSE PRO 2 inch Undoped N-Type GaN 20 um Gallium Nitride Template on Sapphire (0001)","description":"\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c!-- Basic page needs ================================================== --\u003e\u003c!-- Title and description ================================================== --\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 inch high quality GaN Templates on Sapphire (0001), N-type (undoped), GaN 20 microns\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct SKU#:\u003c\/strong\u003e WA0206\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cmain class=\"wrapper main-content\" role=\"main\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Product\" itemscope=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid-item large--three-fifths\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConductivity type: N-Type (undoped)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 50.8 mm +\/- 0.1 mm (2 inch diameter)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGaN Thickness: 20 +\/- 2 um \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsable Area: \u0026gt;90%\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation of GaN: C plane (0001) off angle toward A-axis 0.2 ± 0.1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation Flat of GaN: (1-100) +\/- 0.2 deg, length 16.0 +\/- 1.0 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCarrier Concentration: \u0026lt; 5x10\u003csup\u003e17\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistivity (at 300K): \u0026lt; 0.5 Ω·cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMobility: ~ 300 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\/V·s\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDislocation Density: \u0026lt; 5x\u003cspan\u003e10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e8\u003c\/sup\u003e \u003cspan\u003ecm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished (SSP), double side polish (DSP) is available per request at additional cost.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface Roughness Ra:\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt; 0.5 nm, epi-ready\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSapphire substrate thickness: 430 +\/- 25 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation of sapphire substrate: C plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis 0.2 ± 0.1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation Flat of sapphire: (11-20) 0 ± 0.2 deg, length 16.0 +\/- 1.0 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePackage: packaged in a clean room environment, in cassettes or single wafer containers.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRelated References\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e1. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physe.2008.09.010\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCathodoluminescence study of undoped GaN films: Experiment and calculation\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eAbstract\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id15\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this paper, we report the theoretical and experimental results of cathodoluminescence (CL) from GaN layers grown at 800°C by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on silicon substrate. The CL spectra recorded at room temperature reveal the near band-edge emission at 3.35-3.42 eV and a broad yellow luminescence at 2.2 eV. The CL depth analysis at constant power excitation shows inhomogeneous CL distribution in depth of these emissions as the electron beam increases from 3 to 25 keV. There appears a blue shift of the CL band-edge peaks with increasing sample depth. This behavior is explained by a change of the fundamental band gap due to residual strain and the local temperature rise under high electron beam excitation. The simulation of the CL excitation and intensity is developed using a consistent two-dimensional (2-D) model based on the electron beam energy dissipation and taking into account the effects of carrier diffusion, internal absorption and the recombination processes in GaN. The influence of electron beam local heating and respective strain effects on the CL signal are also discussed. A comparative study between experimental and simulated CL spectra at room temperature was performed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003e\u003c!--\nhtml {  margin-top:40px; } body { position:relative;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23763298418746,"sku":"WA0206","price":664.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/021_MSE_PRO_2_inch_Undoped_N-Type_GaN_20_um_Gallium_Nitride_Template_on_Sapphire_000_645e78fc87.jpg?v=1777583956"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-led-grade-2-inch-fe-doped-semi-insulating-gallium-nitride-single-crystal-c-plane-0001","title":"MSE PRO LED Grade 2 inch Fe-doped Semi-Insulating Gallium Nitride Single Crystal C plane (0001)","description":"\u003cmeta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=11.0000\"\u003e\u003c!-- Header hook for plugins ================================================== --\u003e \u003cscript async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/javascripts\/shopify_stats.js?v=6\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvar Shopify = Shopify || {};\n      Shopify.shop = \"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\";\n      Shopify.theme = {\"name\":\"Supply\",\"id\":8952913,\"theme_store_id\":679,\"role\":\"main\"};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript id=\"__st\"\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvar __st={\"a\":7162167,\"offset\":-25200,\"reqid\":\"b939fbb3-2ea8-4163-8291-50a2d12f2759\",\"pageurl\":\"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/collections\/frontpage\/products\/semi-insulating-free-standing-gan-substrate-size-10mm-x-10-0mm\",\"s\":\"products-384611941\",\"t\":\"lead\",\"u\":\"9aeda1251edc\",\"p\":\"product\",\"rtyp\":\"product\",\"rid\":384611941};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\n(function() {\n        var s = document.createElement('script'); 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} body { position:relative;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003c!-- [if lt IE 9]\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/html5shiv.googlecode.com\/svn\/trunk\/html5.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003cscript src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/respond.min.js?102\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003clink href=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/respond-proxy.html\" id=\"respond-proxy\" rel=\"respond-proxy\"\u003e\u003clink href=\"\/\/pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/search?q=41b484d1ad683232ac9ac3b615a8a8ea\" id=\"respond-redirect\" rel=\"respond-redirect\"\u003e\u003cscript src=\"\/\/pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/search?q=41b484d1ad683232ac9ac3b615a8a8ea\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e \u003cscript type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/libs\/jquery\/1.11.0\/jquery.min.js\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cscript type=\"text\/javascript\" src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/modernizr.min.js?102\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e \u003cmain class=\"wrapper main-content\" role=\"main\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Product\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid-item large--three-fifths\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eFree-standing GaN substrate, C plane (0001), semi-insulating, size 2 inch, 25.4mm,\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eConductivity type\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e: semi-insulating\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDoping: \u003c\/strong\u003eFe-doping (iron doped)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade:\u003c\/strong\u003e LED grade\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimension:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2\" diameter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 350 +\/- 25 u\u003cspan\u003em\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUsable area:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;70%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation: \u003c\/strong\u003eC-plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis \u0026lt;1-100\u0026gt; 0.35 deg +\/- 0.15 deg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u0026lt;15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBow: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u0026lt;20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResistivity (300K)\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026gt;10\u003csup\u003e6 \u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e Ohm-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003ecm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFe-doping concentration: \u003c\/strong\u003e~ 3\u003cspan\u003e × 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e18\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e−\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDislocation Density:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026lt;3 x 10\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing: \u003c\/strong\u003eFront surface: Ra \u0026lt;0.5 nm, epi-ready polished. back surface fine ground.\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003epackaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer container, under nitrogen atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Study of GaN light-emitting diodes fabricated by laser lift-off technique\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe fabrication process and performance characteristics of the laser lift-off (LLO) GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were investigated. The LLO-GaN LEDs were fabricated by lifting off the Gallium Nitride LED wafer structure grown on the original sapphire substrate by a KrF excimer laser at 248 nm wavelength with the laser fluence of 0.6 J\/cm2 and transferring it onto a Cu substrate. The LLO-GaN LEDs on Cu show a nearly four-fold increase in the light output power over the regular LLO-LEDs on the sapphire substrate. High operation current up to 400 mA for the LLO-LEDs on Cu was also demonstrated. Based on the emission wavelength shift with the operating current data, the LLO-LEDs on Cu show an estimated improvement of heat dissipation capacities by nearly four times over the light-emitting devices on sapphire substrate. The LLO process should be applicable to other GaN-based LEDs in particular for those high light output power and high operation current devices.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23686129975354,"sku":"WA0221","price":3626.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/024_MSE_PRO_LED_Grade_2_inch_Fe-doped_Semi-Insulating_Gallium_Nitride_Single_Crystal_64b36a09e7.jpg?v=1777583964"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-laser-diode-grade-2-inch-undoped-n-type-gallium-nitride-single-crystal-c-plane-0001","title":"MSE PRO Laser Diode Grade 2 inch Undoped N-type Gallium Nitride Single Crystal C plane (0001)","description":"\u003cmeta content=\"IE=11.0000\" http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\"\u003e\u003c!-- Header hook for plugins ================================================== --\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/javascripts\/shopify_stats.js?v=6\" type=\"text\/javascript\" async=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvar Shopify = Shopify || {};\n      Shopify.shop = \"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\";\n      Shopify.theme = {\"name\":\"Supply\",\"id\":8952913,\"theme_store_id\":679,\"role\":\"main\"};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript id=\"__st\"\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvar __st={\"a\":7162167,\"offset\":-25200,\"reqid\":\"b939fbb3-2ea8-4163-8291-50a2d12f2759\",\"pageurl\":\"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/collections\/frontpage\/products\/semi-insulating-free-standing-gan-substrate-size-10mm-x-10-0mm\",\"s\":\"products-384611941\",\"t\":\"lead\",\"u\":\"9aeda1251edc\",\"p\":\"product\",\"rtyp\":\"product\",\"rid\":384611941};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\n(function() {\n        var s = document.createElement('script'); 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} body { position:relative;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003c!-- [if lt IE 9]\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/html5shiv.googlecode.com\/svn\/trunk\/html5.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003cscript src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/respond.min.js?102\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003clink href=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/respond-proxy.html\" id=\"respond-proxy\" rel=\"respond-proxy\"\u003e\u003clink href=\"\/\/pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/search?q=41b484d1ad683232ac9ac3b615a8a8ea\" id=\"respond-redirect\" rel=\"respond-redirect\"\u003e\u003cscript src=\"\/\/pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/search?q=41b484d1ad683232ac9ac3b615a8a8ea\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/libs\/jquery\/1.11.0\/jquery.min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/modernizr.min.js?102\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cmain class=\"wrapper main-content\" role=\"main\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Product\" itemscope=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid-item large--three-fifths\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eFree-standing (single crystal) GaN substrate, C plane (0001), size 2\" diameter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eConductivity type\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e: N-type (undoped)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimension:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2\" diameter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 350 +\/- 25 u\u003cspan\u003em\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUsable area:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;90%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003eC-plane (0001) off angle toward M-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ea\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003exis \u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1-100\u0026gt; 0.35 deg +\/- 0.15 deg\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u0026lt;15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBow: \u0026lt; \u003c\/strong\u003e20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResistivity (300K)\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026lt; 0.5 Ohm.cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarrier Concentration: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e1e17cm\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMobility:\u003c\/strong\u003e 500 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\/(V*s)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDislocation Density:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026lt; 9 x 10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing: \u003c\/strong\u003eFront surface: Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm, epi-ready polished. back surface fine ground.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003epackaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer container, under nitrogen atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRelated Reference\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Blue InGaN\/GaN laser diodes grown on (33\u003cimg class=\"section_image\" src=\"https:\/\/wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com\/cms\/attachment\/cd783ad8-b0b1-467c-96cb-f49a4169fcf9\/tex2gif-ueqn-1.gif\"\u003e) free¨«standing GaN substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca class=\"epub-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssc.201001012\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssc.201001012\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.Review: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.jsap.or.jp\/jsapi\/Pdf\/Number01\/Vol-1_Cutting%20Edge.pdf\" ping=\"\/url?sa=t\u0026amp;source=web\u0026amp;rct=j\u0026amp;url=https:\/\/www.jsap.or.jp\/jsapi\/Pdf\/Number01\/Vol-1_Cutting%2520Edge.pdf\u0026amp;ved=0ahUKEwjbxaOk1__bAhXGITQIHVXIALwQFghMMAU\"\u003eInGaN-BASED LASER DIODES\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ehttps:\/\/www.jsap.or.jp\/jsapi\/Pdf\/Number01\/Vol-1_Cutting%20Edge.pdf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23760467623994,"sku":"WA0222","price":4473.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/025_MSE_PRO_Laser_Diode_Grade_2_inch_Undoped_N-type_Gallium_Nitride_Single_Crystal_C_79460a36f8.jpg?v=1777583971"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-non-linear-crystal-ca-sub-4-sub-yo-bo-sub-3-sub-sub-3-sub-ycob","title":"MSE PRO Non-Linear Crystal Ca\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e YO(BO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e )\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e  YCOB","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Information: Crystals can be customized\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFormulation: \u003c\/strong\u003eCa\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003eYO(BO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (YCOB)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize: \u003c\/strong\u003efrom 5 x 5 mm to 50 x 50 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e50 ~ 40 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptical Homogeneity: \u003cspan\u003eΔ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003en\u003c\/sub\u003e \u0026lt; 10\u003csup\u003e-5 \u003c\/sup\u003ecm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransparency Range:  \u003c\/strong\u003e202 ~ 25000 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurface Finish: \u003c\/strong\u003e1\/8 \u003cspan\u003eλ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurface Roughness (Polished): \u003c\/strong\u003eDSP, Ra ≤1 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrientations: \u003c\/strong\u003e(30.5°, 180\u003cspan\u003e°\u003c\/span\u003e) or (26.5\u003cspan\u003e°\u003c\/span\u003e, 180\u003cspan\u003e°\u003c\/span\u003e) or (150.9\u003cspan\u003e°\u003c\/span\u003e, 0\u003cspan\u003e°\u003c\/span\u003e) or following customer specifications\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":10431949124,"sku":"CS0107","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/051_MSE_PRO_Non-Linear_Crystal_Ca_sub_4_sub_YO_BO_sub_3_sub_sub_3_sub_YCOB_e8f116dc23.jpg?v=1777608000"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-30-nm-high-purity-99-99-aluminum-oxide-nanoparticles-1","title":"MSE PRO 30 nm High Purity 99.99% Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles","description":"\u003ch2\u003eSpecifications for 30 nm High Purity 99.99% Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Al2O3_Powder-SDS.pdf?v=1608227287\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Al2O3_Powder-SDS.pdf?v=1608227287\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-selected=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct Code: \u003cspan\u003ePO0423 (250 g), PO0407 (500 g), PO0409 (10 kg)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForm: white powder\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFormula: Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNominal Primary Particle Size: 30 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecific Surface Area (SSA): 10 ~ 20 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\/g (BET)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCAS Number 1344-28-1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEC Number 215-691-6\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMolecular Weight: 101.96\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical product certificate of analysis (COA) 99.99% nano Alumina\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.062%; height: 397.557px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38.75px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 38.75px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMain Content:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 38.75px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (99.99% metal basis)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eItems\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMg, ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSi, ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFe, ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eZn, ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCu, ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epH Value\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal Structure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixed Crystal 80%-Alpha\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary Particle Size\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 35.5966px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38.4375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.5176%; height: 38.4375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecific Surface Area (SSA)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 48.7138%; height: 38.4375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10 - 20 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Features of α-phase ultra-fine Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStable phase, high hardness, materials with high dimensional stability, it is widely used in a variety of plastics, rubber, ceramics, refractory products for reinforcement toughening, in particular, significantly to improve the ceramic density, finish, thermal fatigue resistance, fracture toughness, creep resistance and wear resistance. As the α-phase ultra-fine Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e is a high performance material of far infrared emission, it is widely used to produce artificial ruby, sapphire, yttrium aluminum garnet and also used in the field of fiber fabric products and high pressure sodium lamp as far-infrared emission and thermal insulation materials. In addition, α-phase nano-Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e with high resistivity and good insulation property, it is widely used as the main components for YAG laser crystal and integrated circuit substrates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlumina Nanoparticles Applications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransparent ceramics: high-pressure sodium lamps, EP-ROM window;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCosmetic filler;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingle crystal, ruby, sapphire, sapphire, yttrium aluminum garnet;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-strength aluminum oxide ceramic, C substrate, packaging materials, cutting tools, high purity crucible, winding axle, bombarding the target, furnace tubes;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing materials, glass products, metal products, semiconductor materials, plastic, tape, grinding belt;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePaint, rubber, plastic wear-resistant reinforcement, advanced waterproof material;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVapor deposition materials, fluorescent materials, special glass, composite materials and resins;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCatalyst, catalyst carrier, analytical reagent;\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAerospace aircraft wing leading edge\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"250g","offer_id":48150436431,"sku":"PO0423","price":105.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500g","offer_id":11327813124,"sku":"PO0407","price":171.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10kg","offer_id":48150436495,"sku":"PO0409","price":2146.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/052_MSE_PRO_30_nm_High_Purity_99_99_Aluminum_Oxide_Nanoparticles_4b78c25edc.jpg?v=1777608015"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-inch-sapphire-wafer-c-plane-single-or-double-side-polish-al-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub-single-crystal","title":"MSE PRO 2 inch Sapphire Wafer C-Plane Single or Double Side Polish Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Single Crystal","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSapphire Wafer, 2 inch, C-plane (0001), Prime Grade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomized sapphire wafers and windows are available upon request\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct SKU#:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0405\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003esingle side polished,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0402\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edouble side polished 400um,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0401\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edouble side polished 300um,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0422\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003edouble side polished 200um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: High Purity \u0026gt;99.99%, single crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 50.80 mm +\/- 0.10 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 430 um +\/- 25 um for SSP (other thickness available upon request)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLattice Parameter: a=4.785 A, c=12.991 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 3.98 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: C plane (0001) to M (1-100) 0.2 +\/- 0.1 degree off.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary Flat Orientation: A-plane [11-20] \u003cspan\u003e+\/-\u003c\/span\u003e 0.2 deg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary Flat Length: 16.0 +\/- 1.0 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation (TTV): \u0026lt;5 um (SSP), ≤6 um (DSP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: -10 to 0 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarp: \u0026lt;10 um (SSP), \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤ 20 um (DSP)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.66 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/ °C parallel to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis, 5 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/°C perpendicular to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Strength:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.8 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eV\/cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Constant: 11.5 (1 MHz) along C axis, 9.3 \u003cspan\u003e(1 MHz) perpendicular to C axis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDielectric Loss Tangent (a.k.a. dissipation factor): less than 1 x 10\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThermal Conductivity: 40 W\/(m.K) at 20℃ \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished (SSP) polished side surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.3 nm (AFM), back side fine-ground Ra = 0.8 ~ 1.2 um, or double side polished (DSP) both front and back sides surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.3 nm (AFM)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":11739873348,"sku":"WA0405","price":32.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP) 400 um","offer_id":19388059254842,"sku":"WA0402","price":37.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP) 300 um","offer_id":31228491628602,"sku":"WA0401","price":54.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP) 200 um","offer_id":31228493037626,"sku":"WA0422","price":60.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/054_MSE_PRO_2_inch_Sapphire_Wafer_C-Plane_Single_or_Double_Side_Polish_Al_sub_2_sub__4c7f75c079.jpg?v=1777608042"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-3-inch-sapphire-wafer-c-plane-single-or-double-side-polish-al-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub-single-crystal","title":"MSE PRO 3 inch Sapphire Wafer C-Plane Single or Double Side Polish Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Single Crystal","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSapphire Wafer, 3 inch, C-plane (0001), Prime Grade, Single or Double Side Polish Al2O3 Single Crystal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomized sapphire wafers and windows are available upon request\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct SKU#:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0407\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor single side polished,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0406\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor double side polished (600um thickness), \u003cstrong\u003eWA0428\u003c\/strong\u003e for double side polished (430um thickness)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: High Purity \u0026gt;99.99% single crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiameter: 76.2 mm +\/- 0.1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 440 \u003cspan\u003eu\u003c\/span\u003em +\/- 25 \u003cspan\u003eu\u003c\/span\u003em (SSP), 600 \u003cspan\u003eu\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003em\u003c\/span\u003e or 430 \u003cspan\u003eu\u003c\/span\u003em +\/- 25 \u003cspan\u003eu\u003c\/span\u003em (DSP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLattice Parameters: a=4.785 A, c=12.991 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 3.98 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: C plane (0001) +\/- 0.3 degree, R-plane (1-102), A-plane (11-20), M-plane (10-10) are available.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat orientation: A-plane +\/- 0.3 degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat length: 22.0 mm +\/- 1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation (TTV): \u0026lt;15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: \u0026lt;15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarp: \u0026lt;15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.66 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/ °C parallel to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis, 5 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/°C perpendicular to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Strength:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.8 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eV\/cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Constant: 11.5 (1 MHz) along C axis, 9.3 \u003cspan\u003e(1 MHz) perpendicular to C axis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDielectric Loss Tangent (a.k.a. dissipation factor): less than 1 x 10\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThermal Conductivity: 42W\/(m.K) at 20℃ \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished (SSP) front side epi-ready surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (AFM), back side fine-ground Ra = 0.8 ~ 1.2 \u003cspan\u003eu\u003c\/span\u003em, or double side polished (DSP) both front and back sides epi-ready surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (AFM)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":11739947588,"sku":"WA0407","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP) 430 um","offer_id":31254313107514,"sku":"WA0428","price":105.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP) 600 um","offer_id":31254313140282,"sku":"WA0406","price":98.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/055_MSE_PRO_3_inch_Sapphire_Wafer_C-Plane_Single_or_Double_Side_Polish_Al_sub_2_sub__247c7e384a.jpg?v=1777608055"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-4-inch-sapphire-wafer-c-plane-single-or-double-side-polish-al-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub-single-crystal","title":"MSE PRO 4 inch Sapphire Wafer C-Plane Single or Double Side Polish Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Single Crystal","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSapphire Wafer, 4 inch, C-plane (0001), Prime Grade\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomized sapphire wafers and windows are available upon request\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-selected=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct SKU#:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0408\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor single side polished,\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWA0409\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003efor double side polished\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: High Purity, \u0026gt;99.99%, single crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 100.0 mm +\/- 0.1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 650 um +\/- 25 um (SSP) , 600 um +\/- 25 um (DSP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLattice Parameter: a=4.785 A, c=12.991 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 3.98 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: C plane sapphire (0001) off M plane 0.2+\/- 0.1 degree, R-plane (1-102), A-plane (11-20), M-plane (10-10) are available.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat orientation: A-plane +\/- 0.2 degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat length: 30.0 +\/- 1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation (TTV): \u0026lt;20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: \u0026lt;20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarp: \u0026lt;20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.66 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/ °C parallel to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis, 5 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/°C perpendicular to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Strength:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.8 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eV\/cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Constant: 11.5 (1 MHz) along C axis, 9.3 \u003cspan\u003e(1 MHz) perpendicular to C axis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDielectric Loss Tangent (a.k.a. dissipation factor): less than 1 x 10\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThermal Conductivity: 42W\/(m.K) at 20℃ \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished (SSP) front side epi-ready surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (AFM), back side fine-ground Ra = 0.8 ~ 1.2 um, or double side polished (DSP) both front and back sides epi-ready surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (AFM)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":11739986692,"sku":"WA0408","price":91.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":19455075221562,"sku":"WA0409","price":102.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/056_MSE_PRO_4_inch_Sapphire_Wafer_C-Plane_Single_or_Double_Side_Polish_Al_sub_2_sub__44fce730f1.jpg?v=1777608068"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-6-inch-sapphire-wafer-c-plane-single-or-double-side-polish-al-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub-single-crystal","title":"MSE PRO 6 inch Sapphire Wafer C-Plane Single or Double Side Polish Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Single Crystal","description":"\u003ch2\u003eFeatures for 6 in Sapphire Wafer C-Plane Single or Double Side Polish, Prime Grade\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomized sapphire wafers and windows are available upon request\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" alt=\"\" data-mce-selected=\"1\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduct SKU#: \u003cstrong\u003eWA0411\u003c\/strong\u003e for single side polished, \u003cstrong\u003eWA0410\u003c\/strong\u003e for double side polished\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: High purity single crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, sapphire wafer.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 150.00 mm +\/- 0.20 mm, 6 inch\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 1300 \u003cspan style=\"display: inline !important; float: none; background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: text; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.5px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003e+\/-\u003c\/span\u003e 15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: C plane (0001) off M (1-100) plane 0.2 +\/- 0.1 degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat orientation: A plane \u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; cursor: text; font-family: \u0026amp;quot; helvetica neue\u0026amp;quot;,helvetica,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.5px; min-height: 0px; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;\"\u003e+\/- 0.25\u003c\/span\u003e degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat length: 47.5 mm +\/- 1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation (TTV): ≤10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: -15 to 0 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarp: \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e≤30\u003c\/span\u003e um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.66 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/ °C parallel to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis, 5 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/°C perpendicular to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Strength:\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.8 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eV\/cm\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Constant: 11.5 (1 MHz) along C axis, 9.3 \u003cspan\u003e(1 MHz) perpendicular to C axis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDielectric Loss Tangent (a.k.a. dissipation factor): less than 1 x 10\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e4\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThermal Conductivity: 40 W\/(m.K) at 20℃ \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished (SSP) or double side polished (DSP) Ra \u0026lt; 0.3 nm (by AFM). The reverse side of SSP wafer was fine ground to Ra = 0.8 - 1.2 um.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTransmittance: 88% +\/-1 % @460 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":11739820548,"sku":"WA0411","price":215.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":23111923040314,"sku":"WA0410","price":259.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/057_MSE_PRO_6_inch_Sapphire_Wafer_C-Plane_Single_or_Double_Side_Polish_Al_sub_2_sub__234de3c99f.jpg?v=1777608082"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-in-sapphire-wafer-r-plane-1-102-single-crystal-al-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub","title":"MSE PRO 2 in Sapphire Wafer R-Plane (1-102) Single Crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e","description":"\u003ch2\u003eMSE PRO 2 inch Sapphire Wafer R-plane (1-102) Single Crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-selected=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: High Purity \u0026gt;99.996%, single crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 50.8 mm +\/- 0.1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 0.43 mm standard\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLattice Parameter: a=4.785 A, c=12.991 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 3.98 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: R-plane (1-102) 0.2 +\/- 0.1 degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary Flat orientation: Projected C-axis 45 +\/- 2 degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat length: 16.0 +\/- 1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarp: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.66 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/ °C parallel to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis, 5 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/°C perpendicular to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Strength: 48,000 V\/cm (1,200 V\/mil)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (AFM), double size polish is available per request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":22287460466746,"sku":"WA0415","price":82.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":22287460499514,"sku":"WA0412","price":98.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/058_MSE_PRO_2_in_Sapphire_Wafer_R-Plane_1-102_Single_Crystal_Al_sub_2_sub_O_sub_3_su_8080f01f32.jpg?v=1777608094"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-in-sapphire-wafer-a-plane-11-20-single-crystal-al-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub","title":"MSE PRO 2 in Sapphire Wafer A-plane (11-20) Single Crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e","description":"\u003ch2\u003eFeatures of 2 in Sapphire Wafer A-plane (11-20) Single Crystal Al2O3\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: High Purity \u0026gt;99.996%, single crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 50.8 mm +\/- 0.1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 0.50 mm standard (new batch will be 0.43mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLattice Parameter: a=4.785 A, c=12.991 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 3.98 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: A-plane (11-20) 0.2 +\/- 0.1 degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary Flat Orientation: C-plane\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat length: 16.0 +\/- 1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarp: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.66 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/ °C parallel to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis, 5 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/°C perpendicular to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Strength: 48,000 V\/cm (1,200 V\/mil)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (AFM), double size polish is available per request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":11749853188,"sku":"WA0413","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":22655558778938,"sku":"WA0424","price":93.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/059_MSE_PRO_2_in_Sapphire_Wafer_A-plane_11-20_Single_Crystal_Al_sub_2_sub_O_sub_3_su_dbfd76a4a0.jpg?v=1777608109"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-in-sapphire-wafer-m-plane-10-10-single-crystal-al-sub-2-sub-o-sub-3-sub","title":"MSE PRO 2 in Sapphire Wafer M-plane (10-10) Single Crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e","description":"\u003ch2\u003eFeatures of 2 in Sapphire Wafer M-plane (10-10) Single Crystal Al2O3\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-Sapphire_Wafer_-SDS.pdf?v=1612456877\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\" data-mce-selected=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaterial: High Purity \u0026gt;99.996%, single crystal Al\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 50.8 mm +\/- 0.1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness: 0.43 mm standard\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLattice Parameter: a=4.785 A, c=12.991 A\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDensity: 3.98 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: M-plane (10-10) 0.2 +\/- 0.1 degree\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat orientation: C-plane [11-20] +\/- 0.2 deg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary flat length: 16.0 +\/- 1 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBow: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWarp: \u0026lt;10 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: 6.66 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/ °C parallel to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis, 5 x 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \/°C perpendicular to C\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eaxis\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDielectric Strength: 48,000 V\/cm (1,200 V\/mil)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: single side polished Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (AFM), double size polish is available per request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":11749865604,"sku":"WA0414","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":22655569068090,"sku":"WA0423","price":93.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/060_MSE_PRO_2_in_Sapphire_Wafer_M-plane_10-10_Single_Crystal_Al_sub_2_sub_O_sub_3_su_d4a47db32c.jpg?v=1777608124"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-inch-semi-insulating-gan-2-um-gallium-nitride-template-on-sapphire-0001-1","title":"MSE PRO 2 inch Semi-Insulating GaN 2 um Gallium Nitride Template on Sapphire (0001)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Description:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2 inch Semi-Insulating GaN 2 um Gallium Nitride Template on Sapphire (0001)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct SKU#:\u003c\/strong\u003e WA0203\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConductivity type: semi-insulating\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDoping type: un specified\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDimension: 2 inch diameter\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGaN Thickness: 2 micron +\/-10%\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation: C plane (0001) +\/- 0.5 deg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrimary Orientation Flat: (1-100) +\/- 0.5 degree, length 16.0 +\/- 1.0 mm\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResistivity (300K): \u0026gt;1x10\u003csup\u003e6 \u003c\/sup\u003eOhm-cm\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstrate Structure: GaN on Sapphire (0001)\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSapphire substrate thickness: 430 +\/- 25 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation of sapphire substrate: C plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis 0.2 ± 0.1\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation Flat of sapphire: (11-20) 0 ± 0.2 deg, length 16.0 +\/- 1.0 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolishing: as grown\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated Reference\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nrl.navy.mil\/estd\/sites\/www.nrl.navy.mil.estd\/files\/pdfs\/08-1226-1056.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSemi-insulating GaN substrates for high-frequency device fabrication\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbstract\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThick c-plane unintentional doped and iron-doped GaN substrates were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxial technique on sapphire substrates. The morphology and crystalline quality of the freestanding samples show no evident degradation due to iron doping. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements show reduction of the exciton-bound to neutral impurities band intensities with iron doping increase. Near-infrared photoluminescence studies confirm the incorporation and activation of iron impurities. Variable temperature resistivity measurements verified that the iron-doped films are semi-insulating.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23763289702458,"sku":"WA0203","price":899.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/075_MSE_PRO_2_inch_Semi-Insulating_GaN_2_um_Gallium_Nitride_Template_on_Sapphire_000_4aade5eeff.jpg?v=1777608319"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-barium-fluoride-baf-sub-2-sub-crystal-and-substrates","title":"MSE PRO Barium Fluoride BaF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Crystal and Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eBarium fluoride, BaF2, crystal has good transmittance over a wide spectrum range, from 150 nm to 12.5 um. It has been widely used as windows, lenses, and prisms, particularly for ultaviolet transmittance. The highest quality BaF2 has been used for scintillation crystals. BaF2 can also be used a crystal substrates for the epitaxial growth of thin films. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMSE Supplies offers the following choices: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCustomized crystal growth and machining\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality blank BaF2 crystal materials in discs, plates, rods, customized for customers\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCrystal orientations: (100), (111) or other custom-made orientations\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard BaF2 substrate sizes: 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm, 1 inch diameter x 1.0 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface polishing: Single Side Polished (SSP) or Double Side Polished (DSP)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality BaF2 scintillation crystal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCustomized BaF2 optics for IR and VUV applications\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBaF2 viewport windows for Infrared thermography from 8 um to 14 um.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapability: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum diameter: 7 inches (180 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface quality: S\/D 60\/40 for optical windows or other optical components, Ra \u0026lt; 20 A for epi-ready crystal substrates\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"85%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptical Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransmission Range\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e150 nm to 14 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTransmittance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;94% at 350 nm to 10.8 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.4624 at 2.58 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.3936 at 10.35 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReflection Loss\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.8% at 2.58 um (both surfaces)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.3% at 10.35 um (both surfaces)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRadiation Length\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20.6 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResidual Radiation Peak\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e47 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEmission Peak\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e310 nm slow; 220 nm fast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecay Constant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e620 ns slow; 0.6 ns fast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLight Output\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20% slow; 4% fast\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbsorption Coefficient\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2 x 10^-4 cm-1 at 6 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDensity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.89 g\/cm3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1280 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal Conductivity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.72 W.m-1K-1 at 286K\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient (CTE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.1 x 10-6 \/C at 273K\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKnoop Hardness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e82 with 500g indenter (kg\/mm2)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecific Heat Capacity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e410 J\/(kg.K)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDielectric Constant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.33 at 1 MHz\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYoung's Modulus (E)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.07 GPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShear Modulus (G)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25.4 GPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBulk Modulus (K)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.4 GPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApparent Elastic Limit\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26.9 MPa (3900 psi)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePoisson Ratio\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.343\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolubility\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0017 g in 100g water at 23°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e175.36 g\/mole\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStructure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCubic Crystal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"35%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCleavage Plane\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"64%\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(111)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171575354,"sku":"SU0515","price":92.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171608122,"sku":"SU0508","price":109.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171640890,"sku":"SU0516","price":92.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171673658,"sku":"SU0507","price":108.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch diameter x 1.0 mm thick \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171706426,"sku":"SU0517","price":208.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch diameter x 1.0 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171739194,"sku":"SU0518","price":230.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40784646832186,"sku":"SU0540","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/077_MSE_PRO_Barium_Fluoride_BaF_sub_2_sub_Crystal_and_Substrates_84e8ac017c.jpg?v=1777608345"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-cerium-fluoride-cef-sub-3-sub-crystal","title":"MSE PRO Cerium Fluoride CeF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Crystal","description":"\u003cp\u003eCerium fluoride, CeF\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e, is a good scintillation crystal with high density and short decay time. Cerium fluoride crystal is a good material in measurement applications of high counting rate, strong absorption irradiation and high resolution processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MSE-CeF3_Crystals-SDS.pdf?v=1605193325\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/SDS_button_50x50.png?v=1598279051\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMSE Supplies offers the following choices: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality CeF\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003escintillation crystal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality CeF\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003ecrystal materials in customized shapes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface coatings such as AR coatings can be applied to the \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCeF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e crystals\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"table_19\" border=\"1\" class=\"OBJ-27\" style=\"width: 524px;\"\u003e\n\u003ccolgroup\u003e \u003ccol\u003e \u003ccol\u003e \u003ccol\u003e \u003c\/colgroup\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-1\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-9\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-11\"\u003eGeneral Properties of CeF3 Crystal\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-1\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-9\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-11\"\u003eUnit\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-1\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-9\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-11\"\u003eValue\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e7758-88-5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003eCrystal Structure\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003eHexagonal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003eCleavage Plane\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e(0001)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eDensity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eg\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-15\"\u003e³\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e6.16\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003eg\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003e197.12\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003eºC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e1443\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient (CTE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-15\"\u003e⁻¹\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eParallel to a-12.9, c-16.5\u003c\/span\u003e x 10‾⁶\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003eList of Thermal Conductivity Values\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eW*m\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e*K\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.57\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 252px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eHygroscopic\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eNo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCeF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e is usually studied as a scintillation crystal. Some of the typical scintilator properties of \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCeF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e crystal are summarized below. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"table_17\" border=\"1\" class=\"OBJ-27\" style=\"width: 526px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-1\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-9\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-11\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eOptical \/ Scintillator Properties of \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCeF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Crystal\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-1\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-9\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-11\"\u003eUnit\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-1\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-9\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-11\"\u003eValue\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-2\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eWavelength (Max. Emission)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-2\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003enm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-2\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e340 (slow), 310 (fast)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eWavelength Range\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003enm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e250 - 425\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eDecay Constant\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003ens\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e30 (slow), 8 (fast)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eLight Yield\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003ephotons\/keV\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e4.4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003ePhotoelectron Yield\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e% of NaI(Tl)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eRadiation Length\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003emm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003e16.8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-5\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eRadiation Strength\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-5\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eg.cm\u003cspan class=\"C-13\"\u003e-2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-5\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e10.19\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-6\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eMoliere Radius\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-6\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003emm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-6\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003e24\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003eThermal-neutron Cross-section\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003ebarn\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e0.65\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003eBackground Radioactivity\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003eBq\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-11\"\u003e³\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-7\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003eTBA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eOptical Transmission Wavelength\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-11\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003enm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003e\u0026gt;300\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eTransmittance\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003e%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-4\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003e\u0026gt;80\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 257px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-10\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-12\"\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"TC-3\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Table-Body P-2\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"C-4\"\u003e1.62 (at 340nm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"5 x 5 x 0.5 mm \/ (001) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171444282,"sku":"SU2904","price":237.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 x 5 x 0.5 mm \/ (001) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171477050,"sku":"SU2903","price":258.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/078_MSE_PRO_Cerium_Fluoride_CeF_sub_3_sub_Crystal_dbd2d88322.jpg?v=1777608358"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-eu-doped-calcium-fluoride-eu-caf-sub-2-sub-crystal","title":"MSE PRO Eu doped calcium fluoride Eu:CaF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Crystal","description":"\u003cp\u003eEu doped calcium fluoride, Eu:\u003cspan\u003eCaF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e, is an excellent scintillation crystal. It has been widely used in low energy nuclear physics experiment, nuclear reactor detecting, radiation monitor and radioactivity medical science diagnoses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMSE Supplies offers the following choices:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality \u003cspan\u003eEu:CaF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/span\u003escintillation crystal\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh quality \u003cspan\u003eEu:CaF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecrystal materials in customized shapes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/Eu_doped_CaF2_large.jpg?8849059888096924860\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":16989279684,"sku":"ME5101","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/079_MSE_PRO_Eu_doped_calcium_fluoride_Eu_CaF_sub_2_sub_Crystal_76a00bb764.jpg?v=1777608371"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-yttria-stabilized-zirconia-ysz-single-crystal-substrates","title":"MSE PRO Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Single Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eYSZ is widely used as an oxide crystal substrate for the epitaxial growth of thin films. Both standard and custom-made products are available from MSE Supplies. Please contact us to request special sizes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd class=\"style_150\" height=\"28\"\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 530px;\" height=\"425\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 526.193px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain Parameters of YSZ crystal substrates\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003eMaterial\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e8 mol.% \u003cspan\u003eY\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e stabilized ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e, YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia), 8YSZ\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFace Centered Cubic (FCC), CaF\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e type fluorite\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eUnit cell constant\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ea = 5.125 A\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMelt point (degree C)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e2500\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDensity (g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5.9\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHardness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e8 - 8.5 Mohs\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThermal expansion (\/K)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e10.3 x 10\u003csup\u003e-6\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDielectric constant (@ 1MHz)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e27\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003eTangent loss\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e0.0054\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSkull melting, cold crucible method\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSizes\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5x5, 10x5, 10x10, 25.4x25.4, 50\u003cspan\u003e.8x50.8\u003c\/span\u003e mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1 inch diameter, 2 inch diameter, 3 inch diameter, other sizes are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.5 mm or 1.0 mm or customized\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface polishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle or double side polished (epi-ready CMP)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e(100), (110), (111), +\/- 0.5 degree\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface roughness, Ra:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026lt; 0.5 nm (5 um x 5 um area)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 195.284px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePackage\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 328.92px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003esealed in class 100 clean bags \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/0470871687.ch21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGrowth of Zirconia Crystals by Skull Melting Technique\u003c\/a\u003e (Chapter 21 in Crystal Growth Technology)\u003cbr\u003eE. E. Lomonova V. V. Osiko\u003cbr\u003eBook Editor(s): Hans J. Scheel Tsuguo Fukuda\u003cbr\u003eFirst published: 23 September 2003\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1063\/1.126461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eHighly electrically conductive indiumtinoxide thin films epitaxially grown on yttria-stabilized zirconia (100) by pulsed-laser deposition\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAppl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2740 (2000), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.126461\u003cbr\u003eHiromichi Ohta, Masahiro Orita, and Masahiro Hirano\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170592314,"sku":"SU1501","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170625082,"sku":"SU1502","price":38.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(111) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171051066,"sku":"SU1503","price":21.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(110) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170919994,"sku":"SU1504","price":18.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170395706,"sku":"SU1505","price":12.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 1 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170821690,"sku":"SU1506","price":164.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170428474,"sku":"SU1507","price":16.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170461242,"sku":"SU1508","price":18.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170494010,"sku":"SU1509","price":23.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170526778,"sku":"SU1510","price":23.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170559546,"sku":"SU1511","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(110) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170952762,"sku":"SU1512","price":21.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170985530,"sku":"SU1513","price":38.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171018298,"sku":"SU1514","price":42.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171083834,"sku":"SU1515","price":27.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 1 inch x 1 inch x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170657850,"sku":"SU1516","price":127.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 2 inch x 2 inch x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170723386,"sku":"SU1517","price":446.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171116602,"sku":"SU1518","price":49.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171149370,"sku":"SU1519","price":54.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 1 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170788922,"sku":"SU1520","price":142.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 2 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170854458,"sku":"SU1521","price":413.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 1 inch x 1 inch x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170690618,"sku":"SU1522","price":149.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 2 inch x 2 inch x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170756154,"sku":"SU1523","price":490.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 2 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170887226,"sku":"SU1524","price":439.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(110) \/ 3 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171247674,"sku":"SU1527","price":765.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 3 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171345978,"sku":"SU1528","price":870.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch x 1 inch x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171182138,"sku":"SU1529","price":175.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 3 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204171280442,"sku":"SU1530","price":826.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(110) \/ 3 inch diameter x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171313210,"sku":"SU1531","price":820.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch x 1 inch x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204171214906,"sku":"SU1532","price":197.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 1 inch x 0.5 inch x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":41024276529210,"sku":"SU1533","price":85.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/080_MSE_PRO_Yttria_Stabilized_Zirconia_YSZ_Single_Crystal_Substrates_c905c3817d.jpg?v=1777608384"},{"product_id":"srtio-sub-3-sub-sto-strontium-titanate-crystal-substrates-1","title":"SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e STO Strontium Titanate Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eSrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (STO) Strontium Titanate Crystal Substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCAS Number: 12060-59-2; EC Number: 235-044-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e single crystal has its lattice parameters match most materials with a Perovskite crystal structure, and therefore it\u003c\/span\u003e is a popular crystal substrate for epitaxial growth of many oxide thin films. It is commonly used as substrate material for superconductor thin films, because Strontium Titanate (\u003cspan\u003eSrTiO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) and Y-Ba-Cu-O system (a = 3.89 A) have similar values in the lattice constant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth standard and custom-made Strontium Titanate crystal substrates are available from MSE Supplies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"595\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"595\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain Physical Properties of \u003cspan\u003eStrontium Titanate Crystal Substrates\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCubic, Perovskite\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003eMolar mass (g\/mol)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e183.49\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVernue (flame) method\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003ePurity (%)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\u0026gt;99.9%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eLattice constant\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ea = 3.905 A\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMelting point (°C)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e2080\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDensity (g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5.11\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHardness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e6-6.5 Mohs\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003eRefractive index\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e2.394 \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThermal expansion coefficient (\/K)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e9.4 x 10\u003csup\u003e-6\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDielectric constants\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e300 at room temperature\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eChemical stability\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eInsoluble in water\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eLoss Tangent at 10 GHz\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e~5x10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-4\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e@ 300K , ~3 x10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-4\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e@77K\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSizes\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5x5 mm, 5x10 mm, 10x10 mm, 20x20 mm, or special sizes and orientations are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.5mm, 1.0mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSize tolerances\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e+\/- 0.1mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness tolerances\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e+\/- 0.015mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePolishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle side polished (SSP) or double side polished (DSP), Epi-ready surface Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOrientation precision\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e+\/-0.5 degree\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e(100), (110), (111)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePackage\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"408\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePacked in class 100 grade plastic bag in class 1000 clean room\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204169740346,"sku":"SU0712","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204169773114,"sku":"SU0702","price":33.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169805882,"sku":"SU0706","price":37.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204169838650,"sku":"SU0705","price":69.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169871418,"sku":"SU0701","price":79.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 20x20x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204169904186,"sku":"SU0718","price":299.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204169936954,"sku":"SU0710","price":47.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169969722,"sku":"SU0707","price":55.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170002490,"sku":"SU0713","price":89.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170035258,"sku":"SU0714","price":99.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 5x5x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170068026,"sku":"SU0708","price":43.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 5x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170100794,"sku":"SU0715","price":63.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170133562,"sku":"SU0709","price":104.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170166330,"sku":"SU0716","price":109.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204170199098,"sku":"SU0719","price":35.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(101) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170231866,"sku":"SU0754","price":119.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170264634,"sku":"SU0755","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 20x20x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170297402,"sku":"SU0757","price":349.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204170330170,"sku":"SU0759","price":40.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/081_SrTiO_sub_3_sub_STO_Strontium_Titanate_Crystal_Substrates_f974ebf82b.jpg?v=1777608397"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-mgo-magnesium-oxide-single-crystal-substrates-3","title":"MSE PRO MgO Magnesium Oxide Single Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eHigh quality MgO magnesium oxide crystals are used are used widely for various thin film applications and as optical windows. Customized MgO crystal substrates and windows are available upon request. Learn more about magnesium oxide crystals from MSE Supplies below. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"958\" style=\"width: 525px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"height: 35px; width: 515px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain Parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial Arc Melting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003eTypical purity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e99.95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCubic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnit cell constant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea = 4.212 Å\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelting point (°C\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2800\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal purity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e99.95%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 38px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDensity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 38px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.58 (g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.5 (Mohs)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 38px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient, CTE (\/K)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 38px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2 x 10\u003csup\u003e-6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(100), (110), (111)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.6px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOptical transmission\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35.6px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;90% (200~400nm), \u0026gt;98% (500~1000nm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDielectric constant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.65\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 56px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height: 91px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSizes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 56px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10x10 mm, 20x20 mm, 1 inch diameter, 2 inch diameter, 60 mm diameter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3 inch MgO wafers and 4 inch MgO wafers are available upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecial sizes and orientations are available upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard thickness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5mm or 1.0mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePolishing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle or double side polished (SSP or DSP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e+\/- 0.5 degree\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurface roughness, Ra:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.5 nm (5 um x 5 um area)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 164px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePackage\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 35px; width: 345px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003epackaged with class 100 clean bag in a class 1000 clean room\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications of MgO single crystal substrates and optical windows:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstrate for high temperature superconducting film formation, such as YBCO film (filter used for communication and space observation)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstrate for ferroelectric film formation, such as PZT film (infrared ray sensor used for thermometer and thermoregulator)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstrate for diamond growth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSubstrate for magnetic film formation (MRAM, TMR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical window with anti-reflective (AR) coating - please contact us for a quote\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"MgO window with AR coating\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/MgO_window_with_AR_coating_920nm_480x480.png?v=1588953211\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40722246533178,"sku":"SU0634","price":20.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204169084986,"sku":"SU0601","price":31.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169117754,"sku":"SU0611","price":35.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 20x10x1mm \/ Single Side Polished 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(SSP)","offer_id":40204169510970,"sku":"SU0633","price":164.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 20x20x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169478202,"sku":"SU0618","price":175.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 20x20x1mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40732802678842,"sku":"SU0638","price":219.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 1 inch diameter x 0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169576506,"sku":"SU0630","price":197.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 2 inch diameter x 0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169609274,"sku":"SU0631","price":760.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204169412666,"sku":"SU0608","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169445434,"sku":"SU0605","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 20x10x1mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40732802809914,"sku":"SU0639","price":142.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 20x20x1mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40732803858490,"sku":"SU0640","price":241.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch diameter x 0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169642042,"sku":"SU0632","price":307.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 60mm diameter x 0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40972365004858,"sku":"SU0223","price":675.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/082_MSE_PRO_MgO_Magnesium_Oxide_Single_Crystal_Substrates_98e84a0b29.jpg?v=1777608409"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-lsat-lanthanum-strontium-aluminium-tantalate-crystal-substrates","title":"MSE PRO LSAT Lanthanum-Strontium Aluminium Tantalate Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial Name: \u003c\/strong\u003eLanthanum Aluminate  Strontium Aluminum Tantalate, \u003cspan\u003eLanthanum-Strontium Aluminum Tantalate (LSAT)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout LSAT:\u003c\/strong\u003e LSAT has the perovskite crystal structure, and it is commonly used as a single crystal substrate for the growth of epitaxial thin films. LSAT's cubic structure and lattice parameter of 3.868 Å makes it compatible for the epitaxial growth of a wide range of perovskite oxide thin film with a relatively low strain.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(LaAlO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(Sr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTaAlO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.7\u003c\/sub\u003e or (La\u003csub\u003e0.18\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.82\u003c\/sub\u003e)(Al\u003csub\u003e0.59\u003c\/sub\u003eTa\u003csub\u003e0.41\u003c\/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain Material Properties of LSAT\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal growth method: \u003c\/strong\u003eChralski (CZ) method\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal structure: \u003c\/strong\u003eCubic\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLattice parameter: \u003c\/strong\u003ea = 3.868 Å\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 99.9% (trace metal basis)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMelt point: \u003c\/strong\u003e1840 °\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDensity: \u003c\/strong\u003e6.74 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHardness: \u003c\/strong\u003e6.5 Mohs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric constant:  \u003c\/strong\u003e22\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThermal expansion coefficient: \u003c\/strong\u003e10 X 10\u003csup\u003e-6\u003c\/sup\u003e\/°C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThermal conductivity: \u003c\/strong\u003e5.1 W\/(m\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.5px;\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003eK\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.5px;\"\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Orientation: \u003c\/strong\u003e(100), (110), (111)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailable Size: \u003c\/strong\u003e5 mm x 5 mm, 10 mm x 10 mm, 25.4 mm (1 inch). Special sizes and orientations are available upon request.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThickness: \u003c\/strong\u003e0.5 mm, 1.0 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurface polishing: \u003c\/strong\u003eSingle or double side polished, Epi-ready surface, roughness Ra \u0026lt; 0.5 nm (5 um x 5 um area)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging: \u003c\/strong\u003ePacking in class 1000 clean room with class 100 grade plastic bag\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications of LSAT: \u003c\/strong\u003eLSAT is primarily used as single crystal substrates or wafers with 0.5 mm thickness. These substrates and wafers are used as a substrate material for the epitaxial growth of oxide thin films and their heterostructures. Typical materials grown on LSAT substrates include strontium titanate (SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e), cuprate superconductors (such as YBCO), iron-based superconductors (iron-pnictides), rare-earth manganites, rare-earth nickelates and others. Compound semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) can also be grown on LSAT.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLSAT is used as a popular substrate for the epitaxial growth of oxide thin films because of its high chemical and thermal stability, and very low electrical conductivity. The growth conditions for such epitaxial layers can cause many other crystal substrates to form high densities of defects that can alter their properties. One example is the tendency of strontium titanate to form oxygen vacancy defects under high temperatures in high vacuum. These defects result in considerable variations of its properties, including the increase of electrical conductivity and optical opacity. In contrast, LSAT is stable in both oxidizing and fairly reducing atmospheres at high temperatures, thus enabling a larger operating window for the processing and growth conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168593466,"sku":"SU2409","price":37.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168626234,"sku":"SU2406","price":42.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168659002,"sku":"SU2408","price":74.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168691770,"sku":"SU2403","price":77.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 1 inch dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168724538,"sku":"SU2411","price":248.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 1 inch dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168757306,"sku":"SU2410","price":270.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168790074,"sku":"SU2404","price":58.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168822842,"sku":"SU2402","price":68.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 1 inch dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168855610,"sku":"SU2412","price":248.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 1 inch dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168888378,"sku":"SU2413","price":270.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168921146,"sku":"SU2405","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168953914,"sku":"SU2401","price":71.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168986682,"sku":"SU2414","price":215.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 1 inch dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204169019450,"sku":"SU2415","price":248.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/083_MSE_PRO_LSAT_Lanthanum-Strontium_Aluminium_Tantalate_Crystal_Substrates_7362095ba9.jpg?v=1777608422"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-neodymium-doped-gadolinium-gallium-garnet-nd-gd-sub-3-sub-ga-sub-5-sub-o-sub-12-sub-nd-ggg-crystals-and-substrates","title":"MSE PRO Neodymium Doped Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (Nd:Gd\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eGa\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e)  (Nd:GGG) Crystals and Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eNd:GGG (Neodymium doped Gadolinium Gallium Garnet)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChemical formula: Nd:Gd\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eGa\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNd:GGG single crystal has excellent properties, such as high mechanical strength, chemical stability, thermal conductivity and thermal capacity, wide absorption bands at around 808 nm and long fluorescence lifetime. Because of these unique properties,\u003c\/span\u003eNd:GGG crystal has been considered as one of the best materials for the high average power solid-state laser. The applications include semiconductor laser pump and can be operated with CW-laser and pulse laser.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth standard and custom made Nd:GGG crystals and substrates are available at MSE Supplies.  \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/products\/gadolinium-gallium-garnet-gd3ga5o12-ggg-crystals-and-substrates?variant=31873270120506\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUndoped GGG crystals\u003c\/strong\u003e are also available.\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAvailable Nd concentrations are 0.6 and 1.0 (atm%)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"1\" style=\"width: 535px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 528px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain Parameters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCubic Garnet\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCzochralski\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eUnit cell constant\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ea=12.38 Å, (Z=8)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMelt point (°C)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1800\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePurity\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e99.9%\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDensity\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e7.09 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHardness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e6-7 Mohs\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIndex of refraction\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1.95 @ 1064nm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003eThermal Expansion\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8 x 10\u003csup\u003e-6\u003c\/sup\u003e\/K\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 44px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSizes\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5x5 mm, 10x10 mm, 20x20 mm, dia 2\", other sizes are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.5mm, 1.0mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22.8px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface Polishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22.8px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle or double side polished (epi-ready)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal Orientations\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e(100), (110), (111)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface Roughness Ra:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e~ 0.5nm \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 183.628px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePackage\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 344.372px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePacked in a class 100 clean bag.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReference:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.photonics.com\/Articles\/Solid-State_Heat-Capacity_Lasers_Good_Candidates\/a19681\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolid-State Heat-Capacity Lasers: Good Candidates for the Marketplace\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMARK D. ROTTER, C. BRENT DANE, SCOTT FOCHS, KAI LAFORTUNE, ROY MERRILL AND BOB YAMAMOTO, LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNd:GGG (gallium gadolinium garnet) was identified as the laser material of choice, thanks to its high thermal diffusivity (roughly 10 times greater than that of glass), its greater emission cross section (five times larger than glass's) and its greater fracture stress (five times larger than glass's). An additional advantage of GGG is that large slabs may be cut from the boule.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/www.photonics.com\/images\/Web\/Articles\/2004\/8\/1\/HeatCapacity_Fig2Rotter.jpg\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIn the pump geometry of a diode-pumped Nd:GGG heat-capacity laser, each slab is pumped by four diode arrays. The individual bars in each array are oriented to direct their output at ~45° to the array surface, as indicated by the arrows.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"article-title\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.osapublishing.org\/ol\/abstract.cfm?uri=ol-17-1-52\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon-implanted Nd:GGG channel waveguide laser\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, S. J. Field, D. C. Hanna, A. C. Large, D. P. Shepherd, A. C. Tropper, P. J. Chandler, P. D. Townsend, and L. Zhang, Optics Letters Vol. 17, Issue 1, pp. 52-54 (1992), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/OL.17.000052\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168167482,"sku":"SU3301","price":237.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168200250,"sku":"SU3302","price":235.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168233018,"sku":"SU3303","price":71.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(111) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168265786,"sku":"SU3304","price":82.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168298554,"sku":"SU3305","price":225.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168331322,"sku":"SU3306","price":270.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168364090,"sku":"SU3307","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168396858,"sku":"SU3308","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168429626,"sku":"SU3309","price":281.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168462394,"sku":"SU3310","price":275.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204168495162,"sku":"SU3311","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204168527930,"sku":"SU3312","price":98.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/084_MSE_PRO_Neodymium_Doped_Gadolinium_Gallium_Garnet_Nd_Gd_sub_3_sub_Ga_sub_5_sub_O_d35286f236.jpg?v=1777608435"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-nb-srtio-sub-3-sub-nb-sto-niobium-doped-strontium-titanate-crystal-and-substrates","title":"MSE PRO Nb:SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (Nb:STO) Niobium Doped Strontium Titanate Crystal and Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eNb: SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (Nb:STO), Niobium doped Strontium Titanate Crystal and Substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable height=\"457\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" border=\"1\" style=\"width: 534px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 530px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain Parameters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNb:SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 102px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eA\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 87px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eB\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 87px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eC\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 81px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eD\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNb Concentration (wt%,)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 102px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCustomized\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 87px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.7\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 87px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.5\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 81px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.05\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eResistivity (ohm-cm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 102px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCustomized\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 87px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.007\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 87px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.05\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 81px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.08\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 67px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 67px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCharacteristics\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 67px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNb: SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e and SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e have a similar structure, but Nb: STO has an high electrical conductivity. Typical STO are insulators\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"height: 44px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSize\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5x5 mm,10x10 mm, 15x15 mm, 20x20 mm,\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1 inch diameter, \u003cspan\u003eor customized sizes upon request\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22.6px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 22.6px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.5 mm or 1.0 mm or customized thickness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface polishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle side polished (SSP) or double side polished (DSP)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e(100), (110), (111)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eAngle of crystalline\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSpecial size and orientation are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 22px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eRa:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 22px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026lt;0.5 nm (5x5 um area)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 44px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"height: 44px; width: 165px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePackage\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"height: 44px; width: 363px;\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePacking in class 1000 clean room with class 100 grade plastic bag\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiobium (Nb) doped SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (NSTO) single crystal has a similar structure to SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e. NSTO crystals have different electrical resistivity values with depending on the Nb doping concentration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePlease contact us to order the SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e substrates and products with the exact specifications that meet your requirements.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204166889530,"sku":"SU0703","price":98.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204166922298,"sku":"SU0704","price":186.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167282746,"sku":"SU0711","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167675962,"sku":"SU0717","price":83.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167610426,"sku":"SU0722","price":538.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167348282,"sku":"SU0723","price":186.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204166856762,"sku":"SU0724","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204166955066,"sku":"SU0725","price":197.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204166987834,"sku":"SU0726","price":281.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167020602,"sku":"SU0727","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167053370,"sku":"SU0728","price":439.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167086138,"sku":"SU0729","price":457.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (111) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167118906,"sku":"SU0730","price":109.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (111) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167184442,"sku":"SU0731","price":120.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167217210,"sku":"SU0732","price":538.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.05wt%, \/ (111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167249978,"sku":"SU0733","price":560.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167315514,"sku":"SU0734","price":98.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167381050,"sku":"SU0735","price":197.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167413818,"sku":"SU0736","price":281.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167446586,"sku":"SU0737","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167479354,"sku":"SU0738","price":439.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167512122,"sku":"SU0739","price":457.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (111) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167544890,"sku":"SU0740","price":109.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (111) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167577658,"sku":"SU0741","price":120.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.5wt%, \/ (111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167643194,"sku":"SU0742","price":560.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167708730,"sku":"SU0743","price":94.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167741498,"sku":"SU0744","price":186.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (100) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167774266,"sku":"SU0745","price":208.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167807034,"sku":"SU0746","price":303.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167839802,"sku":"SU0747","price":285.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167872570,"sku":"SU0748","price":439.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (110) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167905338,"sku":"SU0749","price":457.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (111) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204167938106,"sku":"SU0750","price":120.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (111) \/ 5x5x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204167970874,"sku":"SU0751","price":131.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204168003642,"sku":"SU0752","price":582.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.7wt%, \/ (111) \/ 10x10x0.5mm DSP","offer_id":40204168036410,"sku":"SU0753","price":604.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.1wt% \/ (110) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204168069178,"sku":"SU0756","price":259.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"0.1wt% \/ (100) \/ 5x5x0.5mm SSP","offer_id":40204168101946,"sku":"SU0758","price":259.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/085_MSE_PRO_Nb_SrTiO_sub_3_sub_Nb_STO_Niobium_Doped_Strontium_Titanate_Crystal_and_S_477323b2df.jpg?v=1777608448"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-zno-zinc-oxide-crystal-substrates","title":"MSE PRO ZnO Zinc Oxide Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZinc oxide is a wide band-gap semiconductor material. It has broad potential applications in high-efficiency semiconductor photoelectronic devices, semiconductor photocatalysis and diluted magnetic semiconductors. Because of it lattice integrity, ZnO single crystals are essential for the fabrication of high-quality ZnO-based semiconductor devices. It is also an ideal substrate material for epitaxial growth of various thin films. MSE Supplies offers many options for ZnO crystals and substrates to meet customers' specific technical requirements. Please contact us to discuss your requirements with our scientists and engineers. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd height=\"28\" class=\"style_150\"\u003e\n\u003ctable cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"568\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain Parameters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003eHexagonal\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e99.99%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eLattice parameters\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ea=3.252 A, c=5.313 A\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDensity\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5.7 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHardness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e4 Mohs\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMelting point\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1975 degree C\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThermal expansion coefficient (CTE)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e6.5 x 10^-6 \/K along a axis, 3.7 x 10^-6 \/K along c axis\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSeebeck coefficient\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1200 uV\/K at 300 K\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThermal conductivity\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.006 Cal\/cm\/K\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOptical transmission\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026gt; 50% for 2mm thickness (wavelength 400nm ~ 600nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eC plane (0001), A plane (11-20), M plane (1-100) +\/-0.5 deg\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSize (mm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5x5 mm, 10x10 mm, 25x25 mm, other sizes and orientations are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface roughness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eRa \u0026lt; 5A (AFM surface roughness measurement)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface polishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle side polished (SSP) or double side polished (DSP). CMP polishing on either O-face or Zn-face.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePackage\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"381\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePacked with class 100 clean bag in class 1000 clean room\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBook chapter: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/application.wiley-vch.de\/books\/sample\/3527408134_c01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGeneral properties of zinc oxide. PDF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ O-face Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ C Plane (0001)","offer_id":23017253208122,"sku":"SU1102","price":149.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Zn-face Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ C Plane (0001)","offer_id":23017253240890,"sku":"SU1101","price":149.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ O-face Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ C Plane (0001)","offer_id":16990853188,"sku":"SU1104","price":406.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Zn-face Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ C Plane (0001)","offer_id":23017253077050,"sku":"SU1103","price":406.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ (10-10)","offer_id":32046758101050,"sku":"SU1114","price":193.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ (11-20)","offer_id":32046760755258,"sku":"SU1113","price":193.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/086_MSE_PRO_ZnO_Zinc_Oxide_Crystal_Substrates_9af29bed7b.jpg?v=1777608461"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-gaas-gallium-arsenide-crystal-substrates","title":"MSE PRO GaAs Gallium Arsenide Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003ePlease contact us for options for GaAs crystal substrates and wafers, such as doping, size, surface polishing, and other product parameters.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"1\" style=\"width: 556px; height: 268.7px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 722.909px; height: 33.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain Parameters for GaAs Gallium Arsenide Crystal Substrates\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003esingle crystal\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDopant\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 290.909px; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eConduction type\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138.347px; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCarrier concentration cm-3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 133.653px; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMax size\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 98px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGaAs\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNone\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 290.909px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSI, semi-insulating\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138.347px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\/\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" rowspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 133.653px; height: 98px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eLEC\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHB\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDia. 3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSi\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 290.909px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eN type\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138.347px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026gt;5 x 10^17\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCr\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 290.909px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSI, semi-insulating\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138.347px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\/\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eFe\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 290.909px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eN type\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138.347px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e~2 x 10^18\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 80px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eZn\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 290.909px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eP type\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138.347px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026gt;5 x 10^17\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 170px; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSizes (mm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 552.909px; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e10x10mm, 2 inch diameter, 3 inch diameter, 4 inch diameter\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSpecial size and orientation options are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 170px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface Roughness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 552.909px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface roughness(Ra): \u0026lt;= 5A\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 170px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePolishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd valign=\"top\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 552.909px; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle or double side polished\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\" style=\"color: #ff2a00;\"\u003eShipping and handling: This material is classified as a hazmat and requires special packaging and shipping to comply with regulatory requirements. Please contact us for specific details with shipping and handling.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Undoped \/ (100), 10 x 10 x 0.35 mm, SSP","offer_id":31387300986938,"sku":"SU1701","price":63.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Undoped \/ (110), 10 x 10 x 0.5 mm, SSP","offer_id":31387368292410,"sku":"SU1702","price":69.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Undoped \/ (111), 10 x 10 x 0.5 mm, SSP","offer_id":31387369340986,"sku":"SU1703","price":85.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Undoped \/ (100), 2 inch diameter x 0.35mm, SSP","offer_id":39300487675962,"sku":"SU1704","price":263.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Undoped \/ (100), 10 x 10 x 0.3 mm, DSP","offer_id":39316291059770,"sku":"SU1705","price":70.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Undoped \/ (100), 3 inch diameter x 0.625mm, DSP","offer_id":39622086393914,"sku":"SU1707","price":373.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Si doped\/N type \/ (100), 2 inch diameter x 0.35mm, SSP","offer_id":40596147109946,"sku":"SU1708","price":285.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Undoped \/ (100), 4 inch diameter x 0.625mm, SSP","offer_id":40597236285498,"sku":"SU1709","price":373.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Si doped\/N type \/ (100), 4 inch diameter x 0.625mm, DSP","offer_id":40597241790522,"sku":"SU1710","price":450.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Si doped\/N type \/ (100), 3 inch diameter x 0.625mm, SSP","offer_id":40597245263930,"sku":"SU1711","price":373.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Zn doped\/P type \/ (100), 2 inch diameter x 0.35mm, SSP","offer_id":40597247655994,"sku":"SU1712","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Undoped \/ (100), 2 inch diameter x 0.3mm, DSP","offer_id":40597255520314,"sku":"SU1713","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Si doped\/N type \/ (100), 2 inch diameter x 0.3mm, DSP","offer_id":40597256667194,"sku":"SU1714","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Undoped \/ (110), 10 x 10 x 0.5 mm, DSP","offer_id":40658436882490,"sku":"SU1715","price":98.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Undoped \/ (111), 10 x 10 x 0.5 mm, DSP","offer_id":40658437079098,"sku":"SU1716","price":120.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Zn doped\/P type \/ (100), 2 inch diameter x 0.3mm, DSP","offer_id":40664419926074,"sku":"SU1717","price":395.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/087_MSE_PRO_GaAs_Gallium_Arsenide_Crystal_Substrates_4732cf1e1b.jpg?v=1777608474"},{"product_id":"ge-germanium-wafers-and-crystal-substrates","title":"Ge Germanium Wafers and Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003ctable border=\"1\" width=\"595\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" width=\"595\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain Product Parameters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCzochralski method\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eM3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eUnit cell constant\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ea=5.65754 Å\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDensity\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5.323 g\/cm3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMelt point\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e937.4 °C\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDoped material\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eUndoped\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSb - doped\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIn \/ Ga - doped\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eType\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eN\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\" align=\"center\"\u003eN\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eP\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eResistivity\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e35 Ohm-cm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.05 Ohm-cm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.05~0.1 Ohm-cm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eEPD\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026lt;5000 \/cm2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026lt;5000 \/cm2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"136\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026lt;5000 \/cm2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSize\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e10x5, 10x10, 15x15, 20x15, 20x20mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003edia 2\" x 0.5mm, \u003cspan\u003edia 1\" x 0.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003emm, \u003c\/span\u003eother sizes are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.5mm, 1.0mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePolishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle or double side polished\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e(100), (110), (111)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface roughness Ra:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eRms or Ra ~ 5 A\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePackage\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" width=\"408\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSealed in class 100 clean bag packed in class 1000 clean room\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"1.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204166234170,"sku":"WA1402","price":329.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"1.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ 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(SSP)","offer_id":40204166430778,"sku":"WA1408","price":688.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"2.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204166463546,"sku":"WA1409","price":736.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"2.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204166496314,"sku":"WA1410","price":769.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"2.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204166529082,"sku":"WA1411","price":835.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"2.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204166561850,"sku":"WA1412","price":688.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"2.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204166594618,"sku":"WA1413","price":736.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"4.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204166627386,"sku":"WA1414","price":1242.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"4.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204166660154,"sku":"WA1415","price":1319.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"4.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204166692922,"sku":"WA1416","price":1319.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"4.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204166725690,"sku":"WA1417","price":1429.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"4.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204166758458,"sku":"WA1418","price":1242.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"4.0\" Dia. x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204166791226,"sku":"WA1419","price":1319.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633059573818,"sku":"WA1420","price":25.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633069240378,"sku":"WA1421","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633059835962,"sku":"WA1422","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633059934266,"sku":"WA1423","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633064751162,"sku":"WA1424","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633064849466,"sku":"WA1425","price":31.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633067831354,"sku":"WA1426","price":72.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (110) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633068453946,"sku":"WA1427","price":83.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633068617786,"sku":"WA1428","price":25.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633059737658,"sku":"WA1429","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633068650554,"sku":"WA1430","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Undoped \/ (111) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633068683322,"sku":"WA1431","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Sb doped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633071697978,"sku":"WA1432","price":25.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Sb doped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633072746554,"sku":"WA1433","price":30.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Sb Doped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633074614330,"sku":"WA1434","price":72.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Sb Doped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633076940858,"sku":"WA1435","price":72.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Sb doped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633097224250,"sku":"WA1436","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Sb doped \/ (110) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633097355322,"sku":"WA1437","price":31.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - N type - Sb Doped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished 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(DSP)","offer_id":40635355037754,"sku":"WA1443","price":72.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga doped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633087524922,"sku":"WA1444","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga doped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633087852602,"sku":"WA1445","price":32.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga Doped \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40633093947450,"sku":"WA1446","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga Doped \/ (100) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40633094012986,"sku":"WA1447","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga doped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40635356577850,"sku":"WA1448","price":32.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga doped \/ (110) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40635356610618,"sku":"WA1449","price":39.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga Doped \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40635358773306,"sku":"WA1450","price":83.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga Doped \/ (110) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40635359559738,"sku":"WA1451","price":96.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga doped \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40635360575546,"sku":"WA1452","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"5mm x 5mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga doped \/ (111) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40635360673850,"sku":"WA1453","price":32.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga Doped \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40635360739386,"sku":"WA1454","price":76.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm thick - P type - Ga Doped \/ (111) \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40635360837690,"sku":"WA1455","price":87.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/088_Ge_Germanium_Wafers_and_Crystal_Substrates_4a0f2d8a4b.jpg?v=1777608487"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-kbr-potassium-bromide-crystal-substrate","title":"MSE PRO KBr Potassium Bromide Crystal Substrate","description":"\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"568\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e parameters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ecrystallization process\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal lattice parameters\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea=6.597 Å\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDensity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.75 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndex of refraction\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.49025\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurface roughness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 15 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eorientation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(111), (110), (100)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003esize\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10x10x2.0mm \/ 20x20x2.0mm or other 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(DSP)","offer_id":40204166168634,"sku":"SU0408","price":252.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/089_MSE_PRO_KBr_Potassium_Bromide_Crystal_Substrate_e474a13c4e.jpg?v=1777608499"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-kci-potassium-chloride-crystal-substrates","title":"MSE PRO KCI Potassium Chloride Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eKCl, Potassium Chloride Crystal Substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"568\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMain\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e Parameters\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eface centered cubic, M3 a = 6.291 Å\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ecrystallization process\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDensity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.98 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelting point\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e770 °\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefractive index\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.49025 (at 589 nm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNf\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.01114\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurface roughness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;15 nm due to hygroscopic nature\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrientation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(111), (110), (100)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10x10x1.0mm, \u003c\/span\u003e10x10x2.0mm, 20*20*2.0mm or other sizes\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurface polishing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSingle side or double side polished\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"187\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePackaging\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"380\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePacking in class 1000 clean room with class 100 grade plastic bag\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(100) \/ 10x10x1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished 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Crystal","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBGO, Bismuth Germanate, \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBi\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eGe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e Scintillation Crystal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal structure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cubic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLattice Parameter: \u003c\/strong\u003ea=10.518 Å\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 7.13 g\/\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ecm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5 mohs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelt point:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1050°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndex of refraction\u003c\/strong\u003e: 2.15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRadiation length:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1.1cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePeak of fluorescence spectra\u003c\/strong\u003e: 480nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDecay time:\u003c\/strong\u003e 300ns\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelative light output %\u003c\/strong\u003e: 10-14 Nal (Tl)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnergy resolution:\u003c\/strong\u003e 20% @511KV\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal orientation:\u003c\/strong\u003e (001)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSize mm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Special size and orientation are available upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Single or double\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackaging:\u003c\/strong\u003e Clean room\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eMain Applications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePositron emission tomography (PET)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh-energy physics\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNuclear medicine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeological prospecting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGamma pulse spectroscopy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #ff2a00;\"\u003eFor Research Use Only (RUO). Not for use in diagnostic procedures. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBGO Scintillator Description\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBismuth Germanate scintillation crystal (\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBi\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eGe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e12\u003c\/sub\u003e or BGO scintillator) is one of the most widely used scintillation materials of the oxide type. It has high atomic number and density values. BGO is mechanically strong enough, rugged, non- hygroscopicity, and has no cleavage .BGO has an extreme high density of 7.13 g \/cm\u003csup\u003e3 \u003c\/sup\u003eand has a high Z value which makes these crystals very suitable for the detection of natural radioactivity (U, Th, K).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eBGO Scintillation Crystal has an emission peak of 480 nm, coupling well with PMT and SiPM. Compared to other scintillation crystals, BGO has an unparalleled absorption rate at photopeak. Its energy resolution is about 10%. The scintillation characteristics of BGO changes linearly with temperature. Combined with digital signal processing (DSP), it can work under harsh conditions. With small volume, it can work stably under refrigeration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 dir=\"ltr\"\u003eCustomized BGO Scintillation Crystal\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003eWe can do customized BGO scintillation crystals growth and make customized machining, including cutting, grinding and polishing. Please contact our materials scientists to discuss your detailed requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ (001)","offer_id":40204165447738,"sku":"CR0503","price":136.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP) \/ (001)","offer_id":40204165480506,"sku":"CR0502","price":146.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP) \/ (001)","offer_id":40204165513274,"sku":"CR0504","price":188.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 mm x 10 mm x 1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP) \/ (001)","offer_id":40204165546042,"sku":"CR0501","price":199.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 inch (25 mm) diameter x 1.0 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP) \/ (001)","offer_id":40204165578810,"sku":"CR0505","price":394.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/091_MSE_PRO_BGO_Bismuth_Germanate_Bi_sub_4_sub_Ge_sub_3_sub_O_sub_12_sub_Scintillati_ed6fbd28d7.jpg?v=1777608525"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-yag-er-doped-yttrium-aluminium-garnet-laser-crystal","title":"MSE PRO YAG Er Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser Crystal","description":"\u003cp\u003eMSE Supplies can supply a wide range of Er:YAG, Er doped Yttrium aluminium garnet single crystals and epi-ready crystal substrates to meet customer's specific requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAvailable Er concentrations are 0.5 and 5.0 (atm%)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal structure: \u003c\/strong\u003ecubic\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLattice parameters: \u003c\/strong\u003ea =\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e12.01  \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrientations available: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u0026lt;111\u0026gt; or \u0026lt;100\u0026gt; crystalline within 5 ø\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelt point: \u003c\/strong\u003e1970 deg C\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardness mohs: \u003c\/strong\u003e8.5\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity: \u003c\/strong\u003e4.56 +\/- 0.04 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecific heat: \u003c\/strong\u003e0.59 J\/g.cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoung modulus \u003c\/strong\u003e3.17X104 Kg\/mm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTensile strength: \u003c\/strong\u003e0.13~0.26 GPa\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal expansion: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u0026lt;100\u0026gt; Direction: 8.2x10-6 at øC(0~250 deg øC), \u0026lt;110\u0026gt; Direction: 7.7x10-6 at øC (0~250 øC),  \u0026lt;111\u0026gt; Direction: 7.8x10-6 at øC (0~250 øC)\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermo-optical coefficient: \u003c\/strong\u003e7 x 10 -6 deg øC\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":16991467332,"sku":"CS0106","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/092_MSE_PRO_YAG_Er_Doped_Yttrium_Aluminium_Garnet_Laser_Crystal_3d6894cc40.jpg?v=1777608537"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-yvo-sub-4-sub-undoped-yttrium-orthovanadate-crystal","title":"MSE PRO YVO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e Undoped Yttrium Orthovanadate Crystal","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003e\u003cspan color=\"#0000FF\"\u003eUndoped YVO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan color=\"#0000FF\"\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eis an excellent newly developed birefringence optical crystal.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt has very good transmission in a wide wavelength range from visible to infrared.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIt has high refractive index and birefringence difference.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCompared with other important birefringence crystals, YVO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e has higher. hardness, better fabrication property, and water insolubility than calcite (CaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e single crystal).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEasier to make large, high quality crystal at lower cost than Rutile (TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e single crystal).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThose outstanding properties make \u003cspan\u003eYVO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003every important birefringence optical material and widely used in opto-electronic research, development and industry. For example, the optical communication system needs a large quantity devices of undoped YVO4, such as fiber optical isolators, circulators, beam displacers, Glan polarizers and other polarizing devices.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYVO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003ecrystal properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal structure: Tetragonal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal orientation: (001), (100), (110), (101)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDensity: 4.24 g\/cm3\u003cbr\u003eMelting point: 1810 – 1940 deg C\u003cbr\u003eMohs hardness: glass-like, ~5\u003cbr\u003eKnoop hardness: 480 kg\/mm2\u003cbr\u003eThermal expansion coefficient:\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ealong a axis = 4.43×10^−6 \/K\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ealong c axis = 11.37×10^−6 \/K\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal conductivity coefficient:\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eparallel to c-axis: 5.23 W\/m.K\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eperpendicular to c-axis: 5.10 W\/m.K\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefractive indices, birefringence ( Δn = ne - no) and walk-off angle at 45° (ρ):\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eat 0.63 µm:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ene = 2.2154\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eno = 1.9929\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eΔn = 0.2225\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eρ = 6.04\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eat 1.30 µm:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ene = 2.1554\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eno = 1.9500\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eΔn = 0.2054\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eρ= 5.72\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eat 1.55 µm:\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ene = 2.1486\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eno = 1.9447\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eΔn = 0.2039\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eρ = 5.69\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSellmeier equation (λ in µm):\u003cbr\u003ene2=4.59905 + 0.110534\/(λ2 − 0.04813) − 0.012267612 λ2\u003cbr\u003eno2=3.77834 + 0.069736\/(λ2 − 0.04724) − 0.0108133 λ2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSizes available: 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm\u003cbr\u003ecustomized sizes and orientations are available upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurface roughness (Ra): \u0026lt;= 0.5nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSurface Polishing: Single or double side polished\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(001) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204165218362,"sku":"SU3901","price":98.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(001) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204165251130,"sku":"SU3902","price":126.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204165283898,"sku":"SU3903","price":80.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204165316666,"sku":"SU3904","price":96.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204165349434,"sku":"SU3905","price":109.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204165382202,"sku":"SU3906","price":126.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/093_MSE_PRO_YVO_sub_4_sub_Undoped_Yttrium_Orthovanadate_Crystal_e484e23a6f.jpg?v=1777608549"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-sio-sub-2-sub-silica-quartz-single-crystal-wafers-and-substrates-3","title":"MSE PRO SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e Silica Quartz Single Crystal Wafers and Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eSingle crystal quartz wafers are ideal for use as substrates for thin film deposition and are also suitable for many optical applications. Quartz single crystal wafers and substrates are also used as microwave filters in wireless communication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMSE Supplies offers both standard and custom-made quartz wafers and substrates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 586px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 576px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Material Properties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePurity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOptical grade: 99.99%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal Structure and lattice parameters\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHexagonal\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea= 4.914 Å\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ec = 5.405 Å\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrowth Method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHydrothermal method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHardness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.0 Mohs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDensity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.684 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMelt Point\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1610 deg C (phase transition point: 573.1 °C)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecific heat\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.18 cal\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermoelectric Constant\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1200 mV \/\u003cspan\u003e °C\u003c\/span\u003e @ 300\u003cspan\u003e °C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal conductivity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0033 cal\/cm\/\u003cspan\u003e °C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThermal expansion coefficient, (CTE) (x10^-6\/ K)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eperpendicular to Z axis\u003c\/span\u003e: 13.71\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eparallel to Z axis\u003c\/span\u003e: 7.48\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.544\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQ value\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcoustic velocity, SAW Frequency constant, BAW Piezoelectric coupling ,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.8 x 10^6 minimum\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3160 ( m\/sec ) 1661 ( kHz\/mm )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eK2 (%) BAW: 0.65 SAW: 0.14\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInclusion\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIEC Grade II\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 576px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStandard Quartz Wafer Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuartz Crystal Orientation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eY, X, Z, AT or ST cut. The cut angle can be rotated to any value in the in the range of 30\u003cspan\u003e deg \u003c\/span\u003e ~ 42.75 deg upon request.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/quartz_cut_angle_480x480.png?v=1572454689\" alt=\"quartz crystal cut angle\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary flat: orientation specified by customer Secondary Flat: orientation specified by customer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeed: located in the center with width \u0026lt; 5mm and height \u0026gt; 66mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePolished surface\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEpi-ready polished on one side or two sides to Ra \u0026lt; 1 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorking Area: Wafer diameter minus 3 mm (edge exclusion)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBOW: \u0026lt; 20 um for 3\" wafer and 30 um for 4\" wafer\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo chips out on the working area. At the edge, chip width \u0026lt; 0.5 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePits and scratches: \u0026lt; 3 per wafer or \u0026lt; 20 per 100 wafers\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard Thickness\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 mm +\/- 0.05 mm TTV \u0026lt; 5 µm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard Diameter\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003edia. 2 inch (50.8mm )\u003c\/u\u003e \u003cu\u003ediam. \u003c\/u\u003e \u003cu\u003e3 inch (76.2mm\u003c\/u\u003e) \u003cu\u003edia. \u003c\/u\u003e\u003cu\u003e4 inch (100mm)\u003c\/u\u003e +\/-0.2 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrimary Flat: 22 +\/- 1.5 mm (dia. 3¨ ) 32 +\/- 3.0 mm ( dia. 4¨ )\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary Flat: 10 mm +\/-1.5 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 239px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProduction Capacity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1,000 wafers per month\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCustomized products are available upon request.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Z-cut (001) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":16991569860,"sku":"SU2001","price":19.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Z-cut (001) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Sides Polished (DSP)","offer_id":23073826504762,"sku":"SU2002","price":26.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Z-cut (001) \/ 25 mm x 25 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished 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Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":31007636717626,"sku":"SU2014","price":19.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"ST-cut \/ 2\" dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":31035465957434,"sku":"SU2019","price":83.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Z-cut (001) \/ 20 mm x 20 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":39876515463226,"sku":"SU2018","price":68.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"ST-cut \/ 4\" dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40147049611322,"sku":"SU2020","price":188.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"X-cut \/ 4\" dia. x 0.5 mm \/ Double Sides Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40619154440250,"sku":"SU2021","price":472.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/094_MSE_PRO_SiO_sub_2_sub_Silica_Quartz_Single_Crystal_Wafers_and_Substrates_34513a73d7.jpg?v=1777608562"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-litao-sub-3-sub-lithium-tantalate-crystal-substrates-and-wafers","title":"MSE PRO LiTaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Lithium Tantalate Crystal Substrates and Wafers","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis LiTaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e lithium tantalate crystal has \u0026gt;99.99% purity. Find high-quality lithium tantalate bulk crystals, wafers and substrates for sale at MSE Supplies.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLithium tantalate (LiTaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e) has a perovskite M6 crystal structure. It has a unique combination of optical, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. The applications of lithium tantalate crystal include nonlinear optics, passive infrared (IR) sensors such as motion detectors, terahertz (THz) generation and detection, surface acoustic wave (SAW), just to name a few. Both bulk crystals and crystal substrates are available for sale at MSE Supplies. Please contact our scientists and engineers to discuss your specific requirements for lithium tantalate crystal and substrate products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal orientations available: \u003c\/strong\u003eZ-cut, X-cut, Y-cut\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical product sizes available\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBulk crystals\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eup to 4 inch diameter and 50 mm thick\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrystal substrates \/ wafers (single side or double side polished)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10 x 10 x 0.5 mm \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2 inch diameter x 0.5mm thick\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e4 inch diameter x 0.5mm thick\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther sizes are available upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"352\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterial Identifiers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12031-66-2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eECHA InfoCard\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100.031.584\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003ePubChem \u003c\/u\u003eCID\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e159405\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eRTECS number\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWW55470000\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProperties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eChemical formula\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLiTaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eMolar mass\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e235.887 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eDensity\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.46 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e, solid\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eMelting point\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1,650°C (3,000°F; 1,920K)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eSolubility in water\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInsoluble in water\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStructure\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eSpace group \u003c\/u\u003eR3c\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cu\u003eLattice constant\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ea \u003c\/em\u003e= 515.43 pm, \u003cem\u003ec \u003c\/em\u003e= 1378.35 pm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Z-cut \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238525498,"sku":"CR0410","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Z-cut \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":31434238492730,"sku":"CR0411","price":56.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Z-cut \/ 2 inch diameter x 0.5 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238394426,"sku":"CR0402","price":185.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Z-cut \/ 3 inch diameter x 0.5 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238459962,"sku":"CR0407","price":413.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Z-cut \/ 4 inch diameter x 0.5 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31811633446970,"sku":"CR0416","price":545.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"X-cut \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238722106,"sku":"CR0403","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"X-cut \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":31434238689338,"sku":"CR0417","price":56.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"X-cut \/ 2 inch diameter x 0.5 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238591034,"sku":"CR0413","price":193.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"X-cut \/ 3 inch diameter x 0.5 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238656570,"sku":"CR0418","price":347.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Y-cut \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238918714,"sku":"CR0412","price":65.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Y-cut \/ 10x10x0.5mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":31434238885946,"sku":"CR0409","price":56.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Y-cut \/ 2 inch diameter x 0.5 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238787642,"sku":"CR0414","price":241.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Y-cut \/ 3 inch diameter x 0.5 mm thick \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":31434238853178,"sku":"CR0415","price":457.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/095_MSE_PRO_LiTaO_sub_3_sub_Lithium_Tantalate_Crystal_Substrates_and_Wafers_bf6ec88483.jpg?v=1777608574"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-nd-yvo-sub-4-sub-nd-doped-yttrium-orthovanadate-crystal-and-substrates","title":"MSE PRO Nd-YVO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e Nd Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate Crystal and Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan color=\"#0000FF\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"STYLE29\"\u003eNd:YVO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"STYLE29\"\u003eis one of the most efficient solid-state laser host crystals.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge stimulated emission cross-section at laser wavelength,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh absorption coefficient\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWide absorption bandwidth at pump wavelength,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh laser induced damage threshold\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGood physical, optical and mechanical properties make Nd:YVO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c\/sub\u003ean excellent crystal for the high power, stable and cost-effective diode laser-pumped solid-state lasers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the design of Nd:YVO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c\/sub\u003e+ frequency crystal KTP, tiny all solid-state green lasers can be made. Nd:YVO\u003csub\u003e4 \u003c\/sub\u003elasers have been applied in many areas of military affairs, information industry, etc.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you need special size or cutting specification, please feel free to contact: sales@msesupplies.com\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSizes available (mm): 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5mm, 1 inch x 1 inch x 0.5mm, Diameter 1 inch x 0.5mm. Customized sizes and orientations are available upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe an offer Nd concentration of 1.0 atm%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAtomic Density: \u003c\/strong\u003e~1.37 x 10\u003csup\u003e20 \u003c\/sup\u003eatoms \/ cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Structure: \u003c\/strong\u003eZircon Tetragonal, space group D\u003csub\u003e4h\u003c\/sub\u003e, a=b=7.12, c= 6.29\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDensity: \u003c\/strong\u003e4.22g \/ cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMohs Hardness: \u003c\/strong\u003eGlass-like, ~5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient: \u003c\/strong\u003ea\u003csub\u003ea\u003c\/sub\u003e=4.43 x 10\u003csup\u003e-6\u003c\/sup\u003e\/ K, a\u003csub\u003ec\u003c\/sub\u003e=11.37 x 10\u003csup\u003e-6\u003c\/sup\u003e\/ K\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":16991619140,"sku":"CS0105","price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/096_MSE_PRO_Nd-YVO_sub_4_sub_Nd_Doped_Yttrium_Orthovanadate_Crystal_and_Substrates_5935571e54.jpg?v=1777608587"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-mgal-sub-2-sub-o-sub-4-sub-magnesium-aluminate-spinel-crystal-substrates","title":"MSE PRO MgAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e Magnesium Aluminate (Spinel) Crystal Substrates","description":"\u003cp\u003eMgAl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e magnesium aluminate (spinel) single crystals are widely used in ultrasonic and microwave material and device related epitaxial growth. We also offer polycrystalline spinel optical windows.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain Parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/spinel_window_technical_data_large.png?v=1548961824\" alt=\"spinel window technical data\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Structure\u003c\/strong\u003e: Cubic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLattice parameter:\u003c\/strong\u003e a = 8.085 A\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting point (°\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e):\u003c\/strong\u003e 2130°C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 3.64 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 8 Mohs\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailable orientations:\u003c\/strong\u003e (100), (111), (110) or poly-crystals\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMiscut:\u003c\/strong\u003e +\/-0.5 degree\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSizes:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 inch (25mm) diameter, or 10x10x0.5mm, 10x5x0.5mm, other sizes are available upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing:\u003c\/strong\u003e Single side polished (SSP) or double side polished (DSP).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC):\u003c\/strong\u003e 7.45 x 10\u003csup\u003e-6 \u003c\/sup\u003e\/K\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003ePacked with class 100 bags in class 1000 clean room.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNote:\u003c\/strong\u003e Our substrate may have very few scattering spots.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, SSP, (100)","offer_id":22603198365754,"sku":"SU0613","price":48.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, DSP, (100)","offer_id":22603199381562,"sku":"SU0603","price":59.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, SSP, (111)","offer_id":32141431046202,"sku":"SU0614","price":112.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, DSP, (111)","offer_id":32141436518458,"sku":"SU0628","price":96.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, SSP, (110)","offer_id":32141437567034,"sku":"SU0626","price":70.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 0.5mm, DSP, (110)","offer_id":32141438386234,"sku":"SU0627","price":73.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/097_MSE_PRO_MgAl_sub_2_sub_O_sub_4_sub_Magnesium_Aluminate_Spinel_Crystal_Substrates_2f23457353.jpg?v=1777608600"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-fe-srtio-sub-3-sub-fe-sto-iron-doped-strontium-titanate-crystal-substrates-fe-concentration-0-05-wt","title":"MSE PRO Fe:SrTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e (Fe:STO) Iron Doped Strontium Titanate Crystal Substrates Fe Concentration 0.05 wt%","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingle crystal \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSrTiO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003edoped with 0.05 wt%, Fe (Fe:STO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecifications: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrystal Structure:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cubic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrowth Method:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vernuil Method\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLattice Parameter:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003ea = 3.905 A\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFe Doping Concentrations:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.05 wt%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMelting Point:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2080°C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDensity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5.122 g\/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6-6.5 Mohs\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThermal expansion:\u003c\/strong\u003e 10.3 x 10^-6\/K\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Constant:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDielectric Loss: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~5 x 10^-4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan face=\"ƒ?ÿ??ƒ???®?\"\u003e at \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan face=\"Verdana\"\u003e300K\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan face=\"ƒ?ÿ??ƒ???®?\"\u003e, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan face=\"Verdana\"\u003e~3 x 10^-4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan face=\"ƒ?ÿ??ƒ???®?\"\u003e at \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan face=\"Verdana\"\u003e77K\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSizes Available:\u003c\/strong\u003e 5\u003cspan\u003e x 10 mm, 10 x 10 mm, or custom sizes available upon request\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical thickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrientations:\u003c\/strong\u003e (\u003cspan\u003e100), (110), (111)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMiscut:\u003c\/strong\u003e +\/- 0.5 degree\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSurface Polishing:\u003c\/strong\u003e single or double side polished (SSP or DSP), epi-ready, \u0026lt; 5 A (5 um x 5 um) by AFM\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003e Packing in class 1000 clean room with class 100 grade plastic bag\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated References:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"gs_rt\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.134.A442\" data-clk=\"hl=en\u0026amp;sa=T\u0026amp;ct=res\u0026amp;cd=4\u0026amp;ei=kEr_VpvcCYHXjAHq6piwDA\"\u003eElectronic transport in \u003cb\u003estrontium titanate\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gs_a\"\u003eHPR Frederikse, WR Thurber, WR Hosler - Physical Review, 1964 - APS\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gs_a\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gs_a\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"gs_rt\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.113.795\" data-clk=\"hl=en\u0026amp;sa=T\u0026amp;ct=res\u0026amp;cd=5\u0026amp;ei=kEr_VpvcCYHXjAHq6piwDA\"\u003eOptical transmission of heat-treated \u003cb\u003estrontium titanate\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gs_a\"\u003eHW Gandy - Physical Review, 1959 - APS\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gs_a\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gs_a\"\u003e\n\u003ch3 class=\"gs_rt\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/journals.aps.org\/pr\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRev.135.A86\" data-clk=\"hl=en\u0026amp;sa=T\u0026amp;ct=res\u0026amp;cd=13\u0026amp;ei=FEv_Vv_GJ4jDjAGB4pH4Ag\"\u003eStrong Axial Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum of \u003cb\u003eFe \u003c\/b\u003e3+ in SrTi O 3 Due to Nearest-Neighbor Charge Compensation\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gs_a\"\u003eES Kirkpatrick, KA Müller, RS Rubins - Physical Review, 1964 - APS\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"5x10x0.5mm \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polishing (SSP)","offer_id":40204164956218,"sku":"ME1901","price":178.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5x10x0.5mm \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polishing (SSP)","offer_id":40204164988986,"sku":"ME1902","price":209.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"5x10x0.5mm \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polishing (SSP)","offer_id":40204165021754,"sku":"ME1903","price":346.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10x10x0.5mm \/ (100) \/ Single Side Polishing (SSP)","offer_id":40204165054522,"sku":"ME1904","price":310.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10x10x0.5mm \/ (110) \/ Single Side Polishing (SSP)","offer_id":40204165087290,"sku":"ME1905","price":394.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10x10x0.5mm \/ (111) \/ Single Side Polishing (SSP)","offer_id":40204165120058,"sku":"ME1906","price":604.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/088_MSE_PRO_Fe_SrTiO_sub_3_sub_Fe_STO_Iron_Doped_Strontium_Titanate_Crystal_Substrat_f758076833.jpg?v=1777608613"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-2-mm-12-15-ohm-sq-fto-tec-15-coated-glass-substrates","title":"MSE PRO 2.2 mm 12-15 Ohm\/Sq FTO TEC 15 Coated Glass Substrates","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTEC15 FTO substrate, TEC 15 glass, Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) coated TEC 15 Glass (2.2 mm)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #0000ff;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/products\/mse-pro-1-1-mm-12-15-ohm-sq-ito-coated-glass-substrate?variant=3387304452\"\u003eFor ITO please click here.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFree Samples\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e are available upon request for preliminary testing.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003eFTO Patterns can be custom made based on customer requirements.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003eSpecifications of TEC15 glass:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass: Pilkington NSG TEC Glass TEC 15 (12-15 ohm\/sq) and \u003cspan\u003e\u003ca style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/products\/mse-pro-2-2-mm-7-8-ohm-sq-fto-tec-7-coated-glass-substrates\" title=\"FTO glass, TEC 7, TEC7\"\u003eTEC 7 (7-8 ohm\/sq)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e, other types are available upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTEC 15 is the best choice for applications requiring passive condensation control and thermal performance with low-emissivity and clear color-neutral appearance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTEC 7 offers the lowest resistivity value in the NSG TEC range. Combined with relatively low haze, it can be used for a wide range of applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass Transition Temperature: 564°C (1,047°F ) \u003cspan\u003e soda-lime glass substrate\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical Dimensions: 10 mm x 10 mm, 1\" x 1\" (25 mm x 25 mm), 2\" x 2\", 4\" x 4\", can be customized to any size specified by the customer.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass thickness: 2.2 mm, other sizes are available upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecial Etched FTO Patterns: can be customized according to customer provided drawings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheet resistance: 12-15 Ohm\/sq\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEtching Capability: Laser etching or wet etching for detailed patterns.  \u003cspan\u003eBoth techniques have a resolution of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e+\/- 50um.\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNominal FTO film thickness: 320 ~ 340 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVisible Light Transmittance: 82.5 - 85.0%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUV Transmittance: \u0026gt;55%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaze: \u0026lt; 0.8%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmissivity (EN 12898): 0.13\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating temperature: Although the FTO film can be heated up to 700°C, the soda lime glass (SLG) substrate has a glass transition temperature of 564°C. The recommended maximum operating temperature for FTO coated SLG substrates is up to 550°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: USA\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"transmittance spectra of ITO glass, TEC 7 FTO glass and TEC 15 FTO glass\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/transmittance_spectra_of_ITO_glass_TEC_7_FTO_glass_and_TEC_15_FTO_glass_480x480.jpg?v=1572062199\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSource of transmittance spectra data: \"Electrode Design to Overcome Substrate Transparency Limitations for Highly Efficient 1 cm2 Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells\", Joule, Volume 2, Issue 12, 19 December 2018, Pages 2694-2705\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"647\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"647\" colspan=\"7\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eFTO coated conductive glass substrates (TEC Glass)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003eProduct SKU#\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade (ohm\/sq)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize: L x W (mmxmm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThickness (mm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinimum of Order\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrices of non-etched ($\/sheet)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrices of etched pattern ($\/sheet)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003eGL0207\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10x10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 Sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.79\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003eGL0213\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25x25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.39\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003eGL0215\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50x50\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.79\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003eGL0202\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12-15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100x100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.56\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications 12-15 Ohm\/Sq FTO TEC 15 Glass\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh quality sputtered f\u003cspan\u003eluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)\u003c\/span\u003e films can be used as electrodes for thin film photovoltaic \/solar cells (\u003cspan lang=\"NO-BOK\"\u003edye-sensitized cells, organic solar cells\u003c\/span\u003e), LED display, electro-chemical deposition, capacitors, Infrared detection, \u003cspan\u003eenergy-saving windows, RFI\/EMI shielding and other electro-optical and insulating applications\u003c\/span\u003e. \u003cspan\u003eFluorine doped tin oxide is relatively stable under atmospheric conditions, chemically inert, mechanically hard and abrasion tolerant, high-temperature resistant and has lower cost than indium tin oxide (ITO). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFTO glass is well recognized as an attractive material because \u003c\/span\u003eit is relatively stable under atmospheric conditions, chemically inert, mechanically hard, \u003cspan\u003ehigh-temperature resistant, and has a high tolerance to physical abrasion.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomer Testimonials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\"\u003ci\u003eI very much appreciate the great customer service and rapid processing time for customized FTO glass slides. The substrates are very uniform and the thickness is perfect for electrochemical depositions and SEM imaging! I highly recommend all electrochemists to buy their substrates from MSE Supplies.\u003c\/i\u003e\"\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-Dr. Agnes Thorarinsdottir, Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarlos Biaou, a PhD student at \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/berkeley.edu\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUC Berkeley\u003c\/a\u003e worked with \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eMSE Supplies\u003c\/a\u003e to fabricate several hundred customized \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\" title=\"customized ITO and FTO substrates\"\u003eITO and FTO substrates\u003c\/a\u003e for his thesis research, and he had a very positive feedback on the products and services he received from MSE Supplies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"The uniformity of the ITO and FTO layers were excellent, and the custom pattern I ordered was well formed.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"The variation in size from substrate to substrate is within the margins of errors I needed, so that's great too.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"I appreciate the great customer service and diligence you've shown in customizing my substrates.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Selma Duhovi from \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT\u003c\/a\u003e has used the \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\" title=\"customized ITO and FTO substrates\"\u003eITO and FTO substrates\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e provided by \u003c\/span\u003eMSE Supplies for smart glass application, and has been very satisfied with the products and services provided by MSE Supplies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The FTO and ITO glass slides you sent me work GREAT!\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The substrates work really well for smart glass application.\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The experiments have gone well!\" \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Academia Customers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNREL, PNNL, UC Berkeley, UCLA, Caltech, MIT, Yale, University of Michigan, Cornell, University of Chicago, State University of New York (SUNY), McMaster Univ., National Physical Laboratory (NPL), etc.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFTO Related Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/355\/6326\/722\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEfficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eScience\u003c\/strong\u003e 17 Feb 2017: Vol. 355, Issue 6326, pp. 722-726, Hairen Tan, Ankit Jain, Oleksandr Voznyy, Xinzheng Lan, F. Pelayo García de Arquer, James Z. Fan, Rafael Quintero-Bermudez, Mingjian Yuan, Bo Zhang, Yicheng Zhao, Fengjia Fan, Peicheng Li, Li Na Quan, Yongbiao Zhao, Zheng-Hong Lu, Zhenyu Yang, Sjoerd Hoogland, Edward H. Sargent\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0040609007009157\" title=\"pdf_Fabrication of thin film dye sensitized solar cells with solar to electric power conversion efficiency over 10%\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFabrication of thin film dye sensitized solar cells with solar to electric power conversion efficiency over 10%\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eThin Solid Films\u003c\/strong\u003e, Volume 516, Issue 14, 30 May 2008, Pages 46134619, Seigo Ito, Takurou N. Murakami, Pascal Comte, Paul Liska, Carole Grtäzel, Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin, Michael Grätzel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v517\/n7535\/abs\/nature14133.html\" title=\"pdf Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCompositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eNature\u003c\/strong\u003e 517, 476480 (22 January 2015) doi:10.1038\/nature14133, Nam Joong Jeon, Jun Hong Noh, Woon Seok Yang, Young Chan Kim, Seungchan Ryu, Jangwon Seo \u0026amp; Sang Il Seok\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep01352\" title=\"Hydrothermal Fabrication of Hierarchically Anatase TiO2 Nanowire arrays on FTO Glass for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHydrothermal fabrication of hierarchically anatase TiO2 nanowire arrays on FTO glass for dye-sensitized solar cells\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eScientific Reports\u003c\/strong\u003e 3, Article number: 1352 (2013)\u003cbr\u003edoi:10.1038\/srep01352, Wu-Qiang Wu, Bing-Xin Lei, Hua-Shang Rao, Yang-Fan Xu, Yu-Fen Wang, Cheng-Yong Su \u0026amp; Dai-Bin Kuang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2211285515000877\" title=\"Ultra-thin high efficiency semitransparent perovskite solar cells\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUltra-thin high efficiency semitransparent perovskite solar cells\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eNano Energy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVolume 13, April 2015, Pages 249-57, Enrico Della Gasperaa, Yong Peng, Qicheng Hou, Leone Spicciac, Udo Bacha, Jacek J. Jasieniaka, Yi-Bing Cheng\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"100mm x 100mm x 2.2mm, 25PC\/PK","offer_id":19973838084,"sku":"GL0202","price":307.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 2.2mm, 100 PC\/PK","offer_id":19974051588,"sku":"GL0207","price":153.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25mm x 25mm x 2.2mm, 100 PC\/PK","offer_id":19973837956,"sku":"GL0213","price":208.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50mm x 50mm x 2.2mm, 50PC\/PK","offer_id":19973838020,"sku":"GL0215","price":263.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25mm x 75mm x 2.2mm, 50PC\/PK","offer_id":22629331959866,"sku":"GL0223","price":307.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/099_MSE_PRO_2_2_mm_12-15_Ohm_Sq_FTO_TEC_15_Coated_Glass_Substrates_2664694541.jpg?v=1777608626"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-2-2-mm-7-8-ohm-sq-fto-tec-7-coated-glass-substrates","title":"MSE PRO 2.2 mm 7-8 Ohm\/Sq FTO TEC 7 Coated Glass Substrates","description":"\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTEC 7\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFluorine Doped Tin Oxide (F-SnO2 or FTO) transparent conductive substrate, FTO TEC 7 glass substrate\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #0000ff;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca title=\"Indium doped Tin oxide, ITO, glass, substrates\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/products\/mse-pro-1-1-mm-12-15-ohm-sq-ito-coated-glass-substrate\"\u003eFor ITO glass substrates please click here.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFree Samples\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e are available upon request for preliminary testing.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003eFTO Patterns can be custom made based on customer requirements.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSpecifications of TEC7 glass:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass: Pilkington NSG TEC Glass\u003cspan style=\"color: #0000ff;\"\u003e \u003ca style=\"color: #0000ff;\" title=\"TEC 15, TEC15. FTO, substrate, glass\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/products\/fluorine-doped-tin-oxide-fto-coated-tec-15-glass-tec15-fto-can-customize-pattern-as-required\"\u003eTEC 15 (12-15 ohm\/sq)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e and TEC 7 (7-8 ohm\/sq), other types are available upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTEC 7 offers the lowest resistivity value in the NSG TEC range. Combined with relatively low haze, it can be used for a wide range of applications.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTEC 15 is the best choice for applications requiring passive condensation control and thermal performance with low-emissivity and clear color-neutral appearance.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass Transition Temperature: 564°C (1,047°F ) for soda-lime glass substrate\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTypical Dimensions: 1\" x 1\" (25 mm x 25 mm), 2\" x 2\", 4\" x 4\", can be customized to any size specified by the customer.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGlass thickness: 2.2 mm, FTO glass with other sizes are available upon request\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpecial Patterns: can be customized according to customer provided drawings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSheet resistance: 7-8 ohm\/sq\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEtching Capability: Laser etching or wet etching for detailed patterns. \u003cspan\u003eBoth techniques have a resolution of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e+\/- 50um.\u003c\/span\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNominal FTO film thickness: 680 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface roughness of the FTO film: RMS 15~20 nm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVisible Light Transmittance: \u0026gt;80% (80-84%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUV Transmittance: \u0026gt;46%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHaze: \u0026lt; 1.5%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEmissivity (EN 12898): 0.10\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaximum operating temperature: Although the FTO film can be heated up to 700°C, the soda lime glass (SLG) substrate has a glass transition temperature of 564°C. The recommended maximum operating temperature for FTO coated SLG substrates is up to 550°C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCountry of Origin\u003c\/strong\u003e: USA\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"transmittance spectra of ITO glass, TEC 7 FTO glass and TEC 15 FTO glass\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/transmittance_spectra_of_ITO_glass_TEC_7_FTO_glass_and_TEC_15_FTO_glass_480x480.jpg?v=1572062199\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSource of transmittance spectra data: \"Electrode Design to Overcome Substrate Transparency Limitations for Highly Efficient 1 cm2 Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells\", Joule, Volume 2, Issue 12, 19 December 2018, Pages 2694-2705\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"647\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"647\" colspan=\"6\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cb\u003eFTO coated conductive glass substrates (TEC 7 Glass)\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade (ohm\/sq)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSize: L x W (mm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThickness (mm)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinimum of Order\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrices of non-etched ($\/sheet)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrices of etched pattern ($\/sheet)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-8\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10x10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePOD\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-8\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25x25\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.45\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-8\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50x50\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.58\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-8\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"98\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100x100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"97\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"119\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25 sheets\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.96\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"117\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePOD\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*POD - For Price On Demand, \u003ca title=\"contact us\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/pages\/contact-us\"\u003eContact Us\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplications for 7-8 Ohm\/Sq FTO TEC 7 Glass\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh quality sputtered f\u003cspan\u003eluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)\u003c\/span\u003e films can be used as electrodes for thin film photovoltaic \/solar cells (\u003cspan lang=\"NO-BOK\"\u003edye-sensitized cells, organic solar cells\u003c\/span\u003e), LED display, electrochemical deposition, capacitors, Infrared detection, \u003cspan\u003eenergy-saving windows, RFI\/EMI shielding and other electro-optical and insulating applications\u003c\/span\u003e. \u003cspan\u003eFluorine doped tin oxide is relatively stable under atmospheric conditions, chemically inert, mechanically hard and abrasion tolerant, high-temperature resistant and has lower cost than indium tin oxide (ITO). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFTO is well recognized as an attractive material because \u003c\/span\u003eit is relatively stable under atmospheric conditions, chemically inert, mechanically hard, \u003cspan\u003ehigh-temperature resistant, and has a high tolerance to physical abrasion.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCustomer Testimonials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\"\u003ci\u003eI very much appreciate the great customer service and rapid processing time for customized FTO glass slides. The substrates are very uniform and the thickness is perfect for electrochemical depositions and SEM imaging! I highly recommend all electrochemists to buy their substrates from MSE Supplies.\u003c\/i\u003e\"\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e-Dr. Agnes Thorarinsdottir, Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard University\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarlos Biaou, a PhD student at \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/berkeley.edu\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUC Berkeley\u003c\/a\u003e worked with \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eMSE Supplies\u003c\/a\u003e to fabricate several hundred customized \u003ca title=\"customized ITO and FTO substrates\" href=\"http:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eITO and FTO substrates\u003c\/a\u003e for his thesis research, and he had a very positive feedback on the products and services he received from \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eMSE Supplies\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"The uniformity of the ITO and FTO layers were excellent, and the custom pattern I ordered was well formed.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"The variation in size from substrate to substrate is within the margins of errors I needed, so that's great too.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"I appreciate the great customer service and diligence you've shown in customizing my substrates.\" \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDr. Selma Duhovi from \u003ca href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMIT\u003c\/a\u003e has used the \u003ca title=\"customized ITO and FTO substrates\" href=\"http:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eITO and FTO substrates\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e provided by \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eMSE Supplies\u003c\/a\u003e for smart glass application, and has been very satisfied with the products and services provided by \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/collections\/photovoltaics-solar-cells\"\u003eMSE Supplies\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The FTO and ITO glass slides you sent me work GREAT!\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The substrates work really well for smart glass application.\"\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ci\u003e\"The experiments have gone well!\" \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTypical Academia Customers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNREL, PNNL, UC Berkeley, Stanford, UCLA, Caltech, MIT, Yale, University of Michigan, Cornell, University of Chicago, State University of New York (SUNY), McMaster Univ., National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Cambridge University, etc.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFTO Glass Substrates Related Publications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/330921061_Rapid_Flame-annealed_CuFe2O4_as_Efficient_Photocathode_for_Photoelectrochemical_Hydrogen_Production\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRapid Flame-annealed CuFe2O4 as Efficient Photocathode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cspan\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACS Sustainable Chem. Eng\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2019, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e7, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e6, \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5867-5874, \u003c\/span\u003ePARK, SANGWOOK \u0026amp; Baek, Jihyun \u0026amp; Zhang, Liang \u0026amp; Lee, Jae Myeong \u0026amp; H Stone, Kevin \u0026amp; Cho, In Sun \u0026amp; Guo, Jinghua \u0026amp; Jung, Hyun \u0026amp; Zheng, Xiaolin. \u003ca title=\"DOI URL\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05824\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b05824\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"Synthesis of CuFe2O4 Film on FTO Substrate by Flame and Furnace. All samples were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated-glass substrates (\u003cstrong\u003eTEC 7, 78\"\/sq, MSE Supplies\u003c\/strong\u003e).The FTO substrates were cleaned in acetone, IPA, and DI water, with sonication for 15 min, and were dried by an air gun. The CuFe2O4 precursor was prepared by the solgel method and was spin-coated on FTO glass for both annealing methods at 3000 rpm for 60 s.\"\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/355\/6326\/722\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEfficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eScience\u003c\/strong\u003e 17 Feb 2017: Vol. 355, Issue 6326, pp. 722-726, Hairen Tan, Ankit Jain, Oleksandr Voznyy, Xinzheng Lan, F. Pelayo García de Arquer, James Z. Fan, Rafael Quintero-Bermudez, Mingjian Yuan, Bo Zhang, Yicheng Zhao, Fengjia Fan, Peicheng Li, Li Na Quan, Yongbiao Zhao, Zheng-Hong Lu, Zhenyu Yang, Sjoerd Hoogland, Edward H. Sargent\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca title=\"pdf_Fabrication of thin film dye sensitized solar cells with solar to electric power conversion efficiency over 10%\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0040609007009157\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFabrication of thin film dye sensitized solar cells with solar to electric power conversion efficiency over 10%\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eThin Solid Films\u003c\/strong\u003e, Volume 516, Issue 14, 30 May 2008, Pages 46134619, Seigo Ito, Takurou N. Murakami, Pascal Comte, Paul Liska, Carole Grätzel, Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin, Michael Grätzel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca title=\"pdf Compositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v517\/n7535\/abs\/nature14133.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCompositional engineering of perovskite materials for high-performance solar cells\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eNature\u003c\/strong\u003e 517, 476480 (22 January 2015) doi:10.1038\/nature14133, Nam Joong Jeon, Jun Hong Noh, Woon Seok Yang, Young Chan Kim, Seungchan Ryu, Jangwon Seo \u0026amp; Sang Il Seok\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca title=\"Hydrothermal Fabrication of Hierarchically Anatase TiO2 Nanowire arrays on FTO Glass for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep01352\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHydrothermal fabrication of hierarchically anatase TiO2 nanowire arrays on FTO glass for dye-sensitized solar cells\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eScientific Reports\u003c\/strong\u003e 3, Article number: 1352 (2013)\u003cbr\u003edoi:10.1038\/srep01352, Wu-Qiang Wu, Bing-Xin Lei, Hua-Shang Rao, Yang-Fan Xu, Yu-Fen Wang, Cheng-Yong Su \u0026amp; Dai-Bin Kuang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca title=\"Ultra-thin high efficiency semitransparent perovskite solar cells\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2211285515000877\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUltra-thin high efficiency semitransparent perovskite solar cells\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003eNano Energy\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVolume 13, April 2015, Pages 249-57, Enrico Della Gasperaa, Yong Peng, Qicheng Hou, Leone Spicciac, Udo Bacha, Jacek J. Jasieniaka, Yi-Bing Cheng\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"100mm x 100mm x 2.2mm, 25PC\/PK","offer_id":19974123844,"sku":"GL0203","price":358.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10mm x 10mm x 2.2mm, 100 PC\/PK","offer_id":19974123652,"sku":"GL0206","price":153.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25mm x 25mm x 2.2mm, 100 PC\/PK","offer_id":19974123716,"sku":"GL0212","price":241.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50mm x 50mm x 2.2mm, 50PC\/PK","offer_id":19974123780,"sku":"GL0216","price":307.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25mm x 75mm x 2.2mm, 50PC\/PK","offer_id":22629340381242,"sku":"GL0227","price":274.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/100_MSE_PRO_2_2_mm_7-8_Ohm_Sq_FTO_TEC_7_Coated_Glass_Substrates_f9787736d5.jpg?v=1777608638"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-laser-diode-grade-2-inch-fe-doped-semi-insulating-gallium-nitride-single-crystal-c-plane-0001","title":"MSE PRO Laser Diode Grade 2 inch Fe-doped Semi-insulating Gallium Nitride Single Crystal C plane (0001)","description":"\u003cmeta content=\"IE=11.0000\" http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\"\u003e\u003c!-- Header hook for plugins ================================================== --\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/javascripts\/shopify_stats.js?v=6\" type=\"text\/javascript\" async=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvar Shopify = Shopify || {};\n      Shopify.shop = \"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\";\n      Shopify.theme = {\"name\":\"Supply\",\"id\":8952913,\"theme_store_id\":679,\"role\":\"main\"};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript id=\"__st\"\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\nvar __st={\"a\":7162167,\"offset\":-25200,\"reqid\":\"b939fbb3-2ea8-4163-8291-50a2d12f2759\",\"pageurl\":\"pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/collections\/frontpage\/products\/semi-insulating-free-standing-gan-substrate-size-10mm-x-10-0mm\",\"s\":\"products-384611941\",\"t\":\"lead\",\"u\":\"9aeda1251edc\",\"p\":\"product\",\"rtyp\":\"product\",\"rid\":384611941};\n\/\/ ]]\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript\u003e\/\/ \u003c![CDATA[\n(function() {\n        var s = document.createElement('script'); 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} body { position:relative;}\n--\u003e\u003c\/style\u003e\n\u003c!-- [if lt IE 9]\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/html5shiv.googlecode.com\/svn\/trunk\/html5.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003cscript src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/respond.min.js?102\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003clink href=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/respond-proxy.html\" id=\"respond-proxy\" rel=\"respond-proxy\"\u003e\u003clink href=\"\/\/pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/search?q=41b484d1ad683232ac9ac3b615a8a8ea\" id=\"respond-redirect\" rel=\"respond-redirect\"\u003e\u003cscript src=\"\/\/pandaeagle.myshopify.com\/search?q=41b484d1ad683232ac9ac3b615a8a8ea\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\u003c![endif]--\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/ajax.googleapis.com\/ajax\/libs\/jquery\/1.11.0\/jquery.min.js\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0716\/2167\/t\/2\/assets\/modernizr.min.js?102\" type=\"text\/javascript\"\u003e\u003c\/script\u003e\n\u003cmain class=\"wrapper main-content\" role=\"main\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid\" itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/Product\" itemscope=\"\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"grid-item large--three-fifths\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eFree-standing GaN substrate, C plane (0001), semi-insulating, size 2 inch Diameter\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eConductivity type\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e: semi-insulating, Single side polish\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDoping:\u003c\/strong\u003e Fe-doped (iron doping)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePlease contact us for discounted rates when you order a larger quantity.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimension:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2 inch, or 50.8 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 350 +\/- 25 u\u003cspan\u003em\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUsable area:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;90%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003eC-plane (0001) off angle toward M-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003ea\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003exis \u0026lt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1-100\u0026gt; 0.35 deg+\/- 0.15 deg\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u0026lt;\u003c\/strong\u003e15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBow: \u0026lt;\u003c\/strong\u003e20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResistivity (300K)\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026gt; 10^6 Ohm-\u003cspan\u003ecm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFe-doping concentration: \u003c\/strong\u003e~ 3\u003cspan\u003e × 10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e18\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e−\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003csup\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDislocation Density:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026lt; 9 x 10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing: \u003c\/strong\u003eFront surface: Ra \u0026lt;0.5 nm, epi-ready, double side polished available per request\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003epackaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer container, under nitrogen atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated Reference\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Blue InGaN\/GaN laser diodes grown on (33\u003cimg class=\"section_image\" src=\"https:\/\/wol-prod-cdn.literatumonline.com\/cms\/attachment\/cd783ad8-b0b1-467c-96cb-f49a4169fcf9\/tex2gif-ueqn-1.gif\"\u003e) free-standing GaN substrates\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca class=\"epub-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssc.201001012\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssc.201001012\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.Review: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.jsap.or.jp\/jsapi\/Pdf\/Number01\/Vol-1_Cutting%20Edge.pdf\" ping=\"\/url?sa=t\u0026amp;source=web\u0026amp;rct=j\u0026amp;url=https:\/\/www.jsap.or.jp\/jsapi\/Pdf\/Number01\/Vol-1_Cutting%2520Edge.pdf\u0026amp;ved=0ahUKEwjbxaOk1__bAhXGITQIHVXIALwQFghMMAU\"\u003eInGaN-BASED LASER DIODES\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/main\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":30934220472378,"sku":"WA0239","price":5441.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/Round_6b580ed5-180c-47d1-aabf-2f52d9b274cd.png?v=1752254900"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-10-mm-x-10-5-mm-ge-doped-n-type-gallium-nitride-single-crystal-c-plane-0001","title":"MSE PRO 10 mm x 10.5 mm Ge-doped N-type Gallium Nitride Single Crystal C plane (0001)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 mm x 10.5 mm, Ge-doped, N-type, Free-standing Gallium Nitride (GaN) single Crystal, C plane (0001)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMSE Supplies offers premium quality GaN crystal substrates with low dislocation density (on the order of 10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e \/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e) and uniform surface with no periodic defects. These high quality GaN crystals have an usable area of more than 90%.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe offer the best price on the market for high quality GaN crystal substrates. Customers from all over the world have trusted MSE Supplies as their preferred supplier of GaN crystal substrates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eFree-standing GaN substrate, C plane (0001), N-type, size 10 mm x 10.5 mm \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003eConductivity type\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003e: Ge-doped\u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c\/strong\u003e N-type\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eSingle side polished (SSP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003eProduct #: WA0215\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"product-description rte\" itemprop=\"description\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimension:\u003c\/strong\u003e 10.0 mm x 10.5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThickness:\u003c\/strong\u003e 350 +\/- 25 u\u003cspan\u003em\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eUsable area:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u0026gt;90%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrientation:\u003c\/strong\u003e C-plane (0001) off angle toward M-axis \u0026lt;1-100\u0026gt; 0.35 deg+\/- 0.15 deg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTotal Thickness Variation: \u0026lt; \u003c\/strong\u003e15 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBow: \u0026lt; \u003c\/strong\u003e20 um\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResistivity (300K)\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026lt;0.05\u003csup\u003e \u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\" mce-data-marked=\"1\"\u003eOhm-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5;\"\u003ecm\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCarrier Concentration:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e1e18cm\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMobility:\u003c\/strong\u003e 220 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c\/sup\u003e\/V*s\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDislocation Density:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cspan\u003e5x10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e5\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-2 \u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~ 3x10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e6\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-2 \u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePolishing: \u003c\/strong\u003eGa face polish.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eFront surface: Ra \u0026lt;0.2 nm, epi-ready, double side polished available upon request\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePackage: \u003c\/strong\u003epackaged in a class 100 clean room environment, in single wafer container, under nitrogen atmosphere.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c!--0.2--\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelated references: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e1. Ge doped GaN with controllable high carrier concentration for plasmonic applications\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4848555\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4848555\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.osapublishing.org\/DirectPDFAccess\/508FE558-9021-D78B-1E09C0D050299314_366728\/ome-7-6-1995.pdf?da=1\u0026amp;id=366728\u0026amp;seq=0\u0026amp;mobile=no\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eYellow and green luminescence in single-crystal Ge-catalyzed GaN nanowires grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Germanium the superior dopant in n-type GaN\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssr.201510278\" class=\"epub-doi\"\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pssr.201510278\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":23760388751418,"sku":"WA0215","price":509.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/102_MSE_PRO_10_mm_x_10_5_mm_Ge-doped_N-type_Gallium_Nitride_Single_Crystal_C_plane_0_b1aae084ff.jpg?v=1777608774"},{"product_id":"mse-pro-ndgao-sub-3-sub-neodymium-gallate-crystal-substrate","title":"MSE PRO NdGaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e Neodymium Gallate Crystal Substrate","description":"\u003ctable style=\"width: 542px;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 538px;\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMain Parameters\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal structure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eorthorhombic Pnma space group, Perovskite structured\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003eGrowth method\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003eCzochralski\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eUnit cell constants\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ea=5.43, b=5.50, c=7.71\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eMelting point\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1600~1873K\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDensity\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e7.57 g\/cm\u003csup data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDielectric constant\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e25\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003eLoss tangent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e3x10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e-3\u003c\/sup\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eHardness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5.9 Mohs\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSize\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e5x5 mm, 10x10 mm, customized sizes are available upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e0.5mm, 1.0mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePolishing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSingle or double side polished\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCrystal orientation\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e(001), (100), (110), (011)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOrientation precision\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e+\/-0.5°\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSurface Roughness Ra:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u0026lt; 0.5 nm (5µm x 5µm area)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePackage\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 404px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eSealed in a class 100 clean bag packed in class 1000 clean room\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout NdGaO3 Neodymium Gallate Crystal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNdGaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e crystal is a new single-crystal substrate material developed in recent years. NdGaO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003esubstrates are mainly used for high-temperature superconductors (YBCO) and magnetic Epitaxial films growth, becauseNdGaO\u003csub\u003e3 \u003c\/sub\u003eand YBCO have small lattice mismatch (~0.27%), and no structural phase change at the crystal interface.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MSE Supplies LLC","offers":[{"title":"(001) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164300858,"sku":"SU3701","price":160.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(001) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164333626,"sku":"SU3702","price":182.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(001) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164366394,"sku":"SU3703","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(001) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164399162,"sku":"SU3704","price":318.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164431930,"sku":"SU3705","price":160.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164464698,"sku":"SU3706","price":182.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164497466,"sku":"SU3707","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(100) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164530234,"sku":"SU3708","price":318.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164563002,"sku":"SU3709","price":105.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164595770,"sku":"SU3710","price":116.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164628538,"sku":"SU3711","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(110) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164661306,"sku":"SU3712","price":318.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(011) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164694074,"sku":"SU3715","price":296.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(011) \/ 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164726842,"sku":"SU3716","price":318.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(011) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Single Side Polished (SSP)","offer_id":40204164759610,"sku":"SU3713","price":160.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"(011) \/ 5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm \/ Double Side Polished (DSP)","offer_id":40204164792378,"sku":"SU3714","price":160.95,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/files\/105_MSE_PRO_NdGaO_sub_3_sub_Neodymium_Gallate_Crystal_Substrate_1398ca3b60.jpg?v=1777608811"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0722\/7785\/collections\/picture1_ba827204-e449-48bc-b72a-ae157b6a5cf3.jpg?v=1769048864","url":"https:\/\/www.msesupplies.com\/en-de\/collections\/single-crystals-wafers-and-substrates\/esd-safe.oembed","provider":"MSE Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}